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FENNIA 66/ N:o 5
17
the lower limits of the classes of land use than in the previous survey.
The poorest swamps of productive forest land have thus been classed
now as poor productive forest land and the poorest swamps of the
latter in turn as waste land. The reduction of the swamp area that
is visible in the class »cultivated land etc.» is probably partly due to
swamp meadows having been converted into fields and cultivated
pastures, partly to the poorest swamp meadows being classed as waste
land and partly, as already stated, to the difference in the weather
conditions during the summers of the first and second surveys.
b. Division of swamps into swamp types.
In distinguishing between the swamp types use has been made of
L u k k a 1 a’s classification for the practical investigation of swamps,
based on C a j a n d e r’s system of swamp types. As the number of
sub-types is very large, some sub-types were combined in the actual
survey and the detailed definitions were confined to sample plots.
Nevertheless the number of swamp types is large, if compared, e.g.,
with the number of forest types.
The division of swamps into main classes is given in Table 7. Pine
swamps form the biggest class, followed by spruce swamps and open
sphagnum swamps which are fairly equal. The three other classes,
open brown-moss swamps, drained (i.e. already at least fairly dry)
swamps and swampy natural meadows and cultivated pastures, form
small classes in comparison with the former. Drained swamps include
such wet land as shows a distinct reduction of its excessive moisture,
but has not changed to such a degree as to enable it to be included
in the nearest forest type. Other drained swamps are still included
in the swamp types, to which they were considered to be most closely
related.
Table 7. Division of swamps into swamp type groups.
Swamp type group South Finland | North Finland Whole country
hectares %
Spruce swamps ................................1430 000 1145 000 2 575 000 23.1
Pine swamps ....................................2 622 000 2 357 000 4 979 000 44.6
Open sphagnum swamps................774 000 1 848 000 2 622 000 23.5
Open brown-moss swamps ............(abt.3 000) 410 000 413 000 3.7
Drained swamps ..............................183 000 15 000 198 000 1.8
Natural meadows and cultivated
pastures on swamps .................272 000_97 000 369 000 3.3
Total 5 284 000 5 872 000 11156 000 100
It is not easy to compare the results now obtained with those of
the National Survey of the forests in 1922—23. In addition to the
2735—40
3
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