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18 Yrjö Ilvessalo, The Forest .’Resources’ of Finland in 1936—1938
factors already referred to, such as the changes in the total area and
in the swamp area, the separate classification of drained swamps and
the difference in defining and determining some swamp types, e.g.,
open brown-moss swamps, also introduce some uncertainty.
It is worth mentioning, however, that the proportion of spruce
swamps and open sphagnum swamps to the swamp area is slightly
higher and the proportion of pine swamps considerably lower than
before. Open brown-moss swamps, when defined according to the
present conception, have secured an important proportion of the swamp
area instead of their former insignificant proportion.
A detailed investigation of the swamp types must be postponed
until later.
IL The Forests,
1. Species of trees according to their area.
Forests consist, as is well known, of pure stands formed of a single
species of tree and of a large number of mixed stands consisting of two
or more species. In order to limit their description the forests are
here divided according to the main species, which represents the highest
percentage of the volume of the predominating stand, into forests
dominated by pine, spruce, birch, aspen and alder and clear areas.
The division of the forest area into these classes is given in Table 8.
Table 8. Division of the forest area according to species.
1. Total forest area.
Predominating species South Finland North Finland Whole country
ha % ha % ha %
Pine........................................7173 000 50.3 5 844 000 55.2 13 017 000 52.4
Spruce..............................4156 000 29.1 2 859 000 27.0 7 015 000 28.3
Birch ......................................2 420 000 17.0 1 762 000 16.7 4182 000 16.8
Aspen ....................................36 000 0.3 7 000 0.1 43 000 0.2
Alder ......................................328 000 2.3 (abt.3 000) O.o 331000 1.3
Clear areas....................147 000 1.0 105 000 l.o 252 000 1.0
Total 14 260 000 100 10 580 000 100 24 840 000 100
2. Productive forest land.
Pine........................................5 374 000 44.7 4 098 000 54.2 9 472 000 48.4
Spruce....................................4 015 000 33.4 2 503 000 33.1 6 518 000 33.3
Birch ......................................2151000 17.9 889000 11.8 3 040 000 15.6
Aspen ....................................36 000 0.3 7 000 0.1 43 000 0.2
Alder ......................................324 000 2.7 (abt.3 000) 0.0 327 000 1.6
Clear areas.....................120 000 1.0 60 000 0.8 180 000 0.9
Total 12 020 000 100 7 560 000 100 19 580 000 100
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