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34 Yrjö Ilvessalo, The Forest .’Resources’ of Finland in 1936—1938
Table 20. Volume in cubic feet and quality of trees of large size.
Top diameter of log, inches Total
Part of country <9 1 1 9 or more
Species Quality class
i n m 1 1 I 1 1 n 1 1111 1 1 I 1 n 1 111 1 1 Total
million cubic feet (as calculated on the basis of top diameter)
South Finland .. pine 160.8 1 736.8 703.8 163.6 504.7 183.8 324.4 2 241.5 887.6 3 453.5
spruce 873.7 526.6 — 268.1 127.6 — 1141.8 654.2 — 1 796.0
birch 222.9 123.8 — 63.9 28.0 •— 286.8 151.8 — 438.6
total 5 688.1
North Finland .. pine 39.2 640.1 598.9 52.6 402.7 403.2 91.8 1 042.8 1002.1 2136.7
spruce 180.7 327.2 — 76.7 176.4 — 257.4 503.6 — 761.0
birch 13.6 15.0 ._. 5.8 3.4 — 19.4 18.4 .— 37.8
total 2 935.5
Whole country .. pine 200.0 2 376.9 1302.7 216.2 907.4 587.0 416.2 3 284.3 1889.7 5 590.2
spruce 1054.4 853.8 — 344.8 304.0 — 1 399.2 1157.8 — 2 557.0
birch 236.5 138.8 .— 69.7 31.4 — 306.2 170.2 — 476.4
total 8 623.6
Average for total forest area per hectare, cubic feet
South Finland .. pine 11.3 121.8 49.4 11.5 35.4 12.9 22.8 157.2 62.3 242.3
spruce 61.2 36.9 — 18.8 8.9 — 80.0 45.8 — 125.8
birch 15.6 8.7 ■— 4.5 2.0 — 20.1 10.7 — 30.8
total 398.9
North Finland .. pine 3.7 60.5 56.6 5.0 38.1 38.1 8.7 98.6 94.7 202.o
spruce 17.1 30.9 .— 7.2 16.7 — 24.3 47.6 — 71.9
birch 1.3 1.4 — 0.5 0.3 — 1.8 1.7 — 3.5
total 277.4
Whole country .. pine 8.1 95.7 52.4 8.7 36.5 23.6 16.8 132.2 76.0 225.0
spruce 42.4 34.4 — 13.9 12.2 — 56.3 46.6 — 102.9
birch 9.5 5.6 — 2.8 1.3 — 12.3 6.9 — 19.2
total 347.1
permissible in the log up to about 2/3 of its top diameter, bends may occur only
at the points of intersection. Small, healthy hollows are permissible, but there
must be no sign of rot.
III. The defects referred to are permissible in the log on a larger scale, but
the log must be so straight and of such a shape that it can be sawn. Rot is
only permissible in case it can be concluded that it is hard and confined to a
small area. Small rotten branches are permissible.
The shortening of the log in consequence of a hollow probably caused by
fire or other causes should be taken into account, but, if the hollow is shallow and
undoubtedly healthy, it is permissible, though the log must be relegated to the
next lowest quality class.
Spruce logs.
I. »Normal» or sparsely branched logs. Diameter of branches not exceeding
2". An even curvature is permissible up to 2/3 of the top diameter of the log.
II. Living and dry branches may occur without limit, but rotten branches
only of small size. In shape the log must be fit for sawing.
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