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none of the evil accompaniments of distilleries. The
Finns have, as we shall see, diminished their
consumption of whisky, or brännvin, by one-half.
The total agricultural products of Finland for
1896 have been estimated at 306 million marks of
grain; 1100 litres of milk per cow, which, allowing
for 1,100,000 cows and a price of 10 penni per litre,
represents 121 millions of marks; and finally 50
millions for meat, eggs, &c. It ought to be possible
to double this total within the next few years; since in
Denmark the same number of cows is estimated to
produce more than double this amount of milk, or a
total of 200 million kronor against an expenditure of
150 millions; and the Danes are increasing their
production every year. The Finns have ample room for
expansion.
The Finnish government has, as a rule, ably
seconded the efforts of the farmers. In 1892 a Board
of Agriculture was established, and the government
has given advice and technical assistance, lending the
services of engineers, experts in agriculture and dairy
work, and other specialists. Models provided by
Sweden have been adopted and improved upon; and
experimental businesses have been established. For
years an excellent school, due especially to the efforts
of Herr N. Grotenfelt, has been in working order at
Mustiala; later on, as has been mentioned, another
school was established on the estate of Kronoborg, and
a whole series of dairy schools and lower-grade schools
was founded on farms belonging to the government
or on private farms. Higher grade agricultural
instruction is now being introduced at the University of
Helsingfors. It is sometimes asserted that in addition
to what has been done for the education of the
upper-class farmers and their assistants, more might have
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