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pitch, lampblack, and charcoal, and, with modern appliances,
yet others such as methylated spirit, wood-oil, and
acid-chalk. The production of potash is less than
formerly. Doubtless considerable improvement is possible.
The chief products of the forest now go through
the saw-mills. In 1889 about 373,000 cubic metres
of planks were exported, the value being about 16
million marks; also 850,000 cubic metres of battens
of the value of 32 million marks; one million cubic
metres of boards of the value of 31 million marks ;
a little over 300,000 cubic metres of staves, bottoms,
and ends of planks; boards of the value of 3 million
marks; and a smaller amount of sawn spars. The
total value was about 82 million marks.
The exportation of hewn spars or beams in 1899
was valued at 2,134,000 marks; of laths and
lath-work at 1,380,000 marks; of round spars, bowsprits,
yards, masts, &c., at 1,863,000 marks; the whole of
this class of ware representing about 300,000 cubic
metres and 5 million marks. Pit-props were exported
to the value of about 3 millions; and wood for
pulp-mills and paper factories to the value of about 2½
millions; making altogether about 750,000 cubic
metres and 5½ million marks. About 500,000 cubic
metres of firewood, both fir and pine, worth about 1¾
million marks, was exported; and firewood of other
trees in rather less quantity but of about the same
value. Squares of birch for bobbins were exported to
the value of 250,000 marks, and bobbins themselves
to the value of 2 millions. Besides these a considerable
list might be compiled of other more or less important
articles, such as poles, rafters, beams, knees of
fir for keels, other items for shipbuilding, and various
other manufactured articles. The value of the whole
bulk of wood hewn or manufactured in the saw-mills
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