Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - V. Forestry
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amounted in 1899 to the large sum of 101 million
marks. To this may be added the export of pulp,
pasteboard, and paper, representing about 300,000
cubic metres of wood and a value of 18 million marks.
To this purpose a great mass of the wood of the United
States and other countries is nowadays applied, in
consequence of the rapidly increasing production of
newspapers. No industry is better suited to Finland,
Sweden, and Norway, with their great fir-woods and
excellent water-power. But the production of wood
so used is very little compared with the domestic
consumption, and it is a small part of the wood exported.
The whole of the exported wood (about 4 million
cubic metres) does not amount to much more than
one-fourth of the wood consumed in the country, which
is about 15 million cubic metres.
The great export of timber is a comparatively new
business. Formerly it was sawn by hand, or by
water-power if it could be found, and the manufactured
product was conveyed to the ports, usually by cart and
horse, at great cost. Not until after the Crimean War
was steam power allowed at the saw-mills, and it then
became the practice to build mills at the mouths of big
rivers, so that great quantities of wood might be floated
there and work be done on a large scale. In 1861
the regulation was rescinded which, partly for the
preservation of the forests, had restricted the territory
from which each saw-mill might buy wood, and also
the number of trunks and logs which it might saw
each year. In 1846 the total value of exported
lumber was 2,200,000 marks, which represented a
quarter of the total exports of that time; and
three-quarters of this came from the saw-mills. In 1856
this total was increased to 5½ millions, representing
one-third of the total export; and of this amount
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