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called attention to the most important article, timber,
the export of which had increased in value in
1900 to 114 million marks, against 101 millions in
1899, 94 millions in 1898, 82 in 1897, and 71½
millions in 1896. In 1899 planks, deals, and battens
together produced 7 million marks more than in 1898,
planks and deals producing 16 millions against 12 in
1898, and battens 32 millions against 29. Boards
produced 31 million marks against 33 millions in
1898. It is only in a slight degree that the increase
of the past few years is due to the increased prices
obtained. In 1876 the total export of wood
was 50 millions, against 12½ millions in 1866, less
than 5 millions in 1856, less than 4 millions in
1846, and only a little more than 2 millions in
1836; so recent is the development of this wealth.
We have referred to pulp, cellulose, and paper, the
value of which in 1899 was not much less than
18 million marks. In 1876 it was only 3½
millions, in addition to 1¾ million marks’ worth of
wall-paper; at that time, before tariff alterations, a great
article of export to Russia. We have referred also
to the diminution in the manufacture of tar; and now
willow-bark, too, which produced 1½ million marks in
1876, has ceased to be exported to any great extent,
most of it being used in the country. Cattle are
exported somewhat less: only in special years have oats
showed a considerable export value; fish produced about
3 million marks in 1899, but this was no increase on
former amounts. In addition to wood, including pulp
and paper, it is now, as we have said, butter which is
the largest contribution of agricultural industry to the
export trade, and which produces the largest amount.
In 1897 this sum was 30 million marks for about
14,500 tons; a steady increase from the 7000 tons of
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