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the period 1889-91. The small export overland to
St. Petersburg is not included in this figure. The
total export in 1884 was only 4000 tons, 4500 tons in
1868, and only 500 tons in 1852 and 1856, the first
and last years of the Crimean War. In 1894 it was
13,300 tons, the value being 24⅓ million marks. We
have already mentioned how, in spite of a larger
production, the amount of the export decreased in 1898
to 12,500 tons and 27 million marks, and in 1899
10,000 tons and 23½ million marks, on account of the
increasing wealth of the people and a larger home
consumption. Also the contribution of Finnish manufactures
to a larger general export has been mentioned,
as well as their less favourable points, and in particular
their connection with the Russian import tariff. In
addition to the goods mentioned, the tariff also
favoured hides, which were exported to the value of
4 million marks (3 million of which was for tanned
hides); cotton and linen in piece-goods to the value
of 6 millions; yam and thread 2½ millions; metals
and machinery 5 millions; and finally stone and stone
articles to the value of 4 million marks. The export
of ships ought to be especially mentioned; in 1899
it had risen to a value of 5½ million marks, of which
the export to Russia, mainly steamers, was worth
4¾ millions. The whole body of exports, however,
depends and will continue to depend on the progress
of forest exploitation and agriculture.
Notwithstanding the increased production of grain,
this and flour are the two articles of the import which
have increased most, and it is evident that this large
increase is by no means due to isolated bad harvests.
In 1899 the import reached 291,000 tons of the
value of 59 million marks, against 194,000 tons and
44 million marks in 1898; 200,000 tons and 41
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