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about 14 per cent. over Björneborg. It was only in
the seventies that floating began on the Päijänne and
its outlet, the Kymmene; and it was at this time
that Kotka became a town and soon afterwards the
leading export place for timber. In 1877 a
custom-house was established, but already in 1880 Kotka
exported more than Björneborg, and in 1881 more
than Viborg. In 1894 Kotka exported 20 per cent.
of the timber, Viborg 17 per cent., and Björneborg,
which had advanced to 19 in the latter part of the
seventies, fell again to 14 per cent. The fourth place
is now held by Åbo. On the whole, it is still from
Southern Finland that the great export comes. The
North has the greatest mass of forests, but has only
recently begun to take any considerable share in the
timber trade.
Floating on the great water-courses is the chief
method of timber transport. On the Kymmene and
Kumo Rivers alone more than 4 million logs per year
are now floated. The associations of the saw-mill
owners have accomplished much; among other things,
they have expended about 900,000 marks on the
Kymmene. The result is that it now costs 13 penni
per log instead of 47 penni, as in 1877, to carry the logs
from Päijänne to Kotka; while on the Kumo the cost
is 38-45 penni per log from the rolling trams at
Tammerfors out to Björneborg. At Viborg only 3
to 4 per cent. of the lumber from the Saima system is
sawn; the mass is dealt with on mills at the lakes and
carried by railroad or on boats through the canal; but
in the interior considerable masses are floated out
to the larger lakes. For instance about 1 million
logs and 600,000 pieces for the pulp mills are floated
through the Laitasalmi at Nyslott, and it costs now
only 30-40 penni from Joensuu to Villmanstrand
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