Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - IX. Means of Communication
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instead of double, as formerly. In the east, too, the
floating is important, as, for instance, on the Jänisjärvi
water-course to Ladoga; and for the sake of the Crown
forests it would be desirable to improve the floating
on Uuksunjoki still farther east. On the lakes, the
floating takes place in large loose masses confined in a
framework of logs bound together, which are moved by
windlasses. On the larger lakes, where great masses are
collected, they are towed down by steam-tugs or by
pontoons with steam-windlasses. The transport across the
lakes costs little, and the floating of loose logs in the
river is not expensive; but the rafts, which it is
necessary to use in the outlets of the rivers, cost more. The
floating business clashes here with fishery rights, which
are now, however, of very little value compared with
the transport of lumber, even where, as in the rivers
Torneå and Kemi, they yield 40,000 and 100,000
marks a year. The restriction of floating to a short
time during the year on account of the fisheries is a
great loss of money, because the logs for this reason
have to be two or three years under way. As soon as
it is known that the floating will take more than
a year, the bark is taken off the firs, as it is always
taken off the pines. Considerable loss is caused by
the sinking of the logs.
Farther down the country the floating is now as a
rule well arranged, although here, too, much remains
to be done. A large part of the work undertaken
by the government has been for the purpose of
hindering the floods, as for instance those on the
Kumo and the rivers in Southern Ostrobothnia. In
the north the government has a large direct interest in
floating, because of its enormous forest property. It would
now pay to carry out some large works even on the
great rivers running out into the Polar Sea, the
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