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- X. The Exchequer and Civic Duties
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CHAPTER X
THE EXCHEQUER AND CIVIC DUTIES
In no country in Europe is the financial situation
better than in Finland. The country is not burdened
by very heavy taxes, all public departments are well
taken care of, and there is a good balance on the
budget. There are also large reserve funds of different
kinds, and the Finnish State owns a considerable
extent of productive properties worth several times
more than the inconsiderable public debt, a debt which
has been entirely incurred for productive purposes.
Apart from external disturbances, the future of the
country is assured. The State economy has been still
better than the private; the present situation is good,
and the condition of the finances permits all desirable
reforms.
Constitutional reasons account for the peculiarly
complicated form of Finland’s budget. The Sovereign,
without the co-operation of the Diet, applies all
permanent public revenue to the normal necessities of the
State, while the Diet votes other public expenses, for
which taxes imposed for a limited period or public
loans are necessary. The budget voted by the Estates
embraces a period of three, four, or, at the utmost, five
years, i.e. the interval between the sessions of the Diet,
including the first year after a session as well as the
year of the next session. Notwithstanding the budget
arrangement of separate funds and departments, the
estimates made by the Division of Finance of the
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