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ACCOUNT OF DANISH LAPLAND BY LEEMS, 495
It appears then to bea cuftom among the Laplanders of the mountains that the herds of
rein-deer are, for the whole of the winter feafon, alternately led to pafture and heme to
reft ; but in-fummer, the caftrated deer, together with young {teers and heifers, have
the range of the woods and mountains free, and without the controul of the herdf{men.
During fummer certain female rein-deer have the ’freedom to rangeat large forjfome hours,
with their udders clean and free from filth by the Lapland women, to whom this care
is configned, to the end that the young fhould have a full opportunity of fucking. Af-
terwards they are driven into a fold, at the diftance of fome paces from the cot, which
is made from the green branches of trees frefh cut, where the women, whole bufinels
it is, befmear the udders of each of them with rein-deer dung, taken out from a little
cafe made from the bark of the birch-tree, which they ufually carry under the girdle ;
which when done, they come out to pafture again for fome hours, when the fence is
opened, when the young is repulfed from fucking, on account of the udder which is
now befmeared with dung. ‘They now again compel the female rein-deer within the
faid fence for fome hours at pafture with fwoln udders, and wafhing off the dung they
milk them; which cuftom for fome days is practifed with the greateft care. There are
young who difregard the befmearing of the udders, whofe mouths are gagged as to
take away all power from them of fucking their dams. A Lapland woman, when going
to milk a rein-deer, knowing it to be a wild one, and that it would with difficulty come
to the milking-pail, keeps at a diftance of a few paces from it, and flings the rope, the
extremities of which fhe held in her hand, over its horns, which when the rein-deer per-
ceives fhe {lands ftill, and lets the milker inftantly approach her. ‘Though they do not
come up even to goats, in the quantity of milk they yield, yet fuch is the number of them,
that there is neither a deficiency of milk nor cheefe.
A wooden log is put on the neck of the rein-deer to prevent their ftraying from the
flock, by running up and down, and which is an impediment to them in running. He
is governed. by a rein made from the fkin of a feal, fo that one end of the rein may be
faltened to the head of the animal, but the other may be in the hand of the leader,
whom the rein-deer follows with a little diftance between. Vhey are managed by thefe
reins alfo when drawing the fledge. :
‘The Laplander, when caftrating his rein-deer, does not take out the tefticles, as is
ufually done, by cutting open the flefh, but, applying his mouth, bruifes them at once.
The name of the caftrated rein-deer changes with his years; when two years old, it is:
Vareek, four years, Goddodas, five years, it is Kuoi/tus-haerge, fix years Makan ; but
from the feventh year of his age he is called Namma Lapak, that is, completer or finifher
of hisname, for from that time he no more changes his name.
The Laplander faftens by a rope the rein-deer to a trunk, that he is going to kill,
which, when done, he comes up to him and fticks his breaft with the knife, {oon after
repeating the blow. The rein-deer {truck with the blow of the knife, makes fome turns,
until he drops on his back on the ground, where, when he has lain for a quarter of
an hour, the butcher comes up to ilrip off the hide. Nota drop of. blood comes
from the blow of the knife, but the whole mafs makes for the entrails, where it is
afterwards drawn out, infuled and preferved in the paunch of the animal. The hide,
when taken off, is {tretched on tenter-hooks, fuch as we iee uled in the fmoking of
falmon.
That part of the fkin which goes round the feet of animals, before the body is ftrip-
ped, is taken off, and !’uffed with fhavings, that it fhould the more readily dry.
The mountaiv Laplander reduced to diltrefs, delivers up the few rein-deer that re-
main to him to other mountain Laplanders, to be protected and taken care of ; he him-
felf,
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