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400 ACCOUNT OF DANISN LAPLAND BY LEEMS,.
felf, with his whole family, emigrates to the fea-coaft, where, mingling with the mari-
time inhabitants, he gains a livelihood for himfelf and family by fifhing.
From what has been largely mentioned it is clear, that the herds of Laplanders con-
filt of tame rein-deer. It happens but very feldom, that a tame or domeftic rein-deer,
getting by accident among the wild, contratts the ferocity of this new fociety ; but it is
accident, and as I have juft faid, very rare. It alfo happens, efpecially in the autumn,
at the time of year when this animal is moft incenfed with defires, that a wild rein-deer
will mingle with a herd of tame, but that it is ufually at the expence of life, for, when
feen, the Laplanders befet and fhoot him. The wild rein-deer thus mingled with the
tame, now and then gets the opportunity of coupling with the tame female. The fruit
of this embrace is called a mongrel, refembling neither fire nor dam in every refpect,
for he is lefs in fize than the wild, and greater than the tame; for the wild ever
exceed the tame in the bulk of their bodies. But thofe born of parents of unequal
fizes are called Bacvurek, by the natives.
Cuap. X.—Of the Carriages, and Manner of driving, in ufe among the Laplanders.
THE more opulent among the Laplanders make ufe of no other beafts of carriage
than caftrated rein-deer; but thofe of poorer condition, whofe circumftances are narrow
and contracted, are obliged to employ females. ‘The rein-deer deftined for this
purpofe to be made fit for the yoke and vehicle, is to be well broken in by much
practice. At firft it prefents itfelf untra€table and reftiff, one time kicking up his heels ~
wantonly, at another, obftinately lying on the ground, whence he will not get up unlefs
beaten, and not flightly, with the whip and club over the nofe. Some are even fo in-
docile, that they will admit of no difcipline whatever, for, when yoked to a vehicle,
they fuffer themfelves by no means to be governed, but, turning themfelves this way
and that way, they make a winding path, not unlike to a bending ferpent. There are
others which are much more eafily broken in, and become fo tractable by the difcipline
they receive, that in the carriage they fo flightly bound, as is feen from their track,
marked in the fnow. The Laplanders call the harnefs that ornaments the head of the
rein-deer Baggie. ‘The rein by which he is guided while driven, is not, as is ufual in
riding-horfes, double, but fingle, and fimple, nor pafled through the mouth of the
beaft, but with one of its extremities faftened to his head, while the driver holds the
other in hand.
A large collar furrounds the neck of the animal in the place of a trace, made up
from the rough rein-deer’s hide; to the border of this collar is faftened a long thong,
twifted, from the fkin of the feal or ox, which, running along the belly of the animal,
is brought between the fore and hinder legs directly to the yoke of the fledge, where it
is faftened to a ftick for the purpofe, called in Lapland Jukko, and to a {mall rib-
bon, called Jukko-Lauvzhie. By means of this twifted thong the rein-deer draws the
fledre, which, left in driving it may fret the legs of the animal, is covered with a hairy
fkin.
Befide that larger collar, of which I have juft now fpoken, there is another lefs in fize,
called in Lapland Ricfegas, for ornamenting fometimes the neck of the rein-deer of
carriage; it is made of cloth, or texture of Ker/ey, ornamented with threads of tin,
and bordered with woollen fillets. ‘his kind of collar, which is not ufed by all, nor
at all times, is entire in the upper part and fides, but below, under the collar, it is
open, to be clofed with a thong when occafion calls for it ; from this part too hangs a
bell. 13
The
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