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ACCOUNT OF DANISH LAPLAND BY LEEMS. 447
Cuap. XIV.—Of the Workmanfhip of the Laplanders.
IT belongs to the women in Lapland to drefs fkins of various animals, fuch as foxes,
young rein-deer, otters, and other fkins, fcraping off a membrane that goes round
fkins of this kind, with a certain iron inftrument, which they call Jekko, they thoroughly
oil the fkin, with oil from the liver of fifh, and by means of a certain iron, which is
fharp and not unlike a fickle, and faftened to the wall of the habitation, they cut it by
moving it up and down. An inftrument of this kind is called in Lapland Spierko.
The fibres cut out of the feet of the rein-deer, they bake, and when done they beat and
pound it into various fmall pieces, until they attain the foftnefs of wool, and when
done by rubbing them with the palm of the hand to the cheek, twift them into very
fmall threads. ‘They curioufly embellith the belts and head-pieces, with which they
ufually adorn their rein-deer of carriage, purfes and the borders of garments with fila-
ments of tin. The manner they ufe in the making of elegant works of this fort, is
curious and much ufed by the Laplanders in common ; though there are not wanting
among them women to know and carry this art to greater perfection.
They are acquainted with the art of dying cloth of a yellow and faffron colour, by
means of certain herbs, called Jdneand Livdyjo. From various party-coloured threads
they make knots, whence thongs are afterwards made with an inf{trument adapted
to this purpofe from the rein-deer’s horn, called in Lapland Njijkom. On this fee more
in Chapter IV., on the garments of the Laplanders.
From the unfhorn, but cleaned fkins of fheep, they make coverlets, fome of which are
in the fhape of a fack, in which the feet of the perfon who repofes can be put; others
are differently formed. On thefe fee Chapter VI., onthe beds and couches of the
Laplanders. The faid coverlets when laid on a bed are turned with the hairy fide to the
body of the perfon who ufes them.
They weave alfo fheeting, which is fo worked, that after it has been in ufe a little
time in covering them, when the bed becomes worn, it is converted to the ufe of
covering for the winter’s hut. A great number of thefe is wove from thick white
thread, with dark fringes of black or afh-colour. The loom in which are woven the
faid fheets is made from out of two thick beamsraifed an end, on the extremity
of which is fixed a loofe weaver’s beam,extended from the one column to the other : to
this they faften the upper end of the thread, which comes down from the weaving beam
ftraight to the ground ; and as the thread is neither thrown with a fhuttle, nor preffed
together, but worked with the hand whilft it is knocked together with a little beetle on
coming back, the other part of the thread is brought together by the flat part of the
hand, fo thata fpace fhould be open for putting in the hand, through the little fork,.
_ which is fuftained from the ends of the two little arms that projet out from the co-
lumns. Hence it falls firft obliquely before it gets direCtly down. To the lower ex-
tremity of the woof are faftened ftones, left loofened, it may entangle the body of
the thread, but by being kept {tiff and extended by its weight, it fhould preferve the
‘whole together. The woof is thus conveyed, and inthe above manner, firft to the
upper part of the beam, and is woven with the hand, whence it is clear that in making
fheeting or covering, one muft begin from the upper end. As weavers cover round,
in a weaving machine the beam at the end, gradually with linen by turning it round, fo
alfo the beam of the aforefaid weaving machine, is gradually covered over, while turn-
ing with the ftuff that is made. They weave gloves from the wool of fheep, mixed
with that of hares. This is the manufacture of the women alone,
The
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