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574 PHIPPs’s JOURNAL:
Experiments to determine the Temperature of the Water at different Depths of the
Sea, and Quantity of Salt it contains; made with the Bottle fitted by Dr. Irving.
A Meafure, containing 29 Ounces 59 Grains of pure Snow-water, was ufed as a
Standard; Thermometer 59°, Barometer 30,05.
Day of the | Weight of |Depth in] Thermometer | ‘Yhermometer } ‘Thermometer | Weight Latitude, &c,
Month. the Fathoms at the in Water | inthe Air. | of the
Water. Surface. from the Salt.
Bottom.
° Qo ° ° /
1773 Oz. Grs Grs. i
une 1 29 404 59 293 |§ 51 31 Nore
: ee 6 Off Flambo-
9 Se oe 33 rough Head.
1 32 5 49 5
12 } ao pon One| ee 5° 49¢ Go Off Shetland.
a ae Os 44 49? |
26 29 462, 36 496 | 74 At Sea.
July 3 29 454 40 44 §00 78
19 29 3¢9 44 476 | 80 Near the Ice.
Aug. 4 BO. 15 ih oo 36 39 22 510 | £0 50 Under the Ice.
31 f2 360] Xo 51 48 220
Sept. 4 } 12 355 | 683 55 40 664 sy eal At Sea.
; 12 365 216
) 56 57 50 60 60 14
Sea water taken up at the back of Yarmouth Sands, was in the following ratio to
diftilled water :
oz. dwts. grs.
Sea-water . - Lp eB he)
Diftilled water - PA)
-which is, as 10192: f0477,73 or, as I: 1,02803.
The quantity of dry falt produced from the above water, was 13 dwts. 1 § grs.3; it
appears, therefore, that fea-water contains more air than diftilled water.
The refults of the experiments made with Lord Charles Cavendifh’s thermometer,
and thofe with the bottle fitted by Dr. Irving, differ materially as to the temperature of
the fea at great depths; [ fhall give an account, therefore of the precautions ufed by
Dr. Irving to prevent the temperature from being altered, as well as of the allowance
made by Mr. Cavendifh for compreffion, as they communicated them to me.
The following is the account of the precautions taken by Dr. Irving to prevent the
temperature of the water being changed in bringing up from the bottom :
«« The bottle had a coating of wool, three inches thick, which was wrapped up in
an oiled fkin, and let into a leather purfe, and the whole inclofed in a well-pitched can-
vafs-bag, firmly tied to the mouth of the bottle, fo that not a drop of water could
penetrate to its furface. A bit of lead fhaped like acone, with its bafe downwards
and a cord fixed to its fmall end, was put into the bottle; and a piece of valve leather,
with half a dozen flips of thin bladder, were ftrung on the cord, which, when pulled,
effectually corked the bottle in the infide.”
- 7 t Thermometer, nas
<8 "The
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