Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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17
havde tiljer, men forskjellig anbragte, hvorom mere
nedenfor.
Det er neppe sandsynligt, at man i den hedenske tid
gav skibene navne, naar de gik paa vandet. Dette kan
maaske sluttes deraf, at der i et af de faa tilfælde, hvori
saadant kunde ventes nævnt, nemlig da Olaf Trygvessøn
kaldte den drage, han tog fra Raud den ramme, Ormen,
ikke omtales, at skibet tilforn havdenoget navn!). Men fra
kristendommens indførelse blev det mere og mere skik
ved større skibe, endog som det synes ved handelsskibe,
at give dem et eget navn i forbindelse med, at der fore-
gik en indvielse, hvorved de stilledes under kirkens eller
en eller anden helgens beskyttelse?) Paa Mariasuden lod
kong Sverre endog indlægge relikvier i stavnplankerne
(ennispenir) baade forud og agter*).
Af nyere landslov sees, at ledingsskibe, efterat de
havde forladt bakkestokkene, bleve paa lunner trukne op
i et skur eller nøst (naust), hvor de siden stod, naar de
ikke brugtes. Dette var vistnok tilfældet ogsaa for alle
andre skibes vedkommende og over det hele land, lige»
som endnu ved baade og jægter paa vestlandet og nord-
over. I Olaf den helliges tid omtales* saaledes et nest
ved Mjøsen paa Ringnes*) i Stange, og om det samme
vidner navnet Nøste (Naustar) paa en gaard i Lier. Saa-
danne nøst vare, ligesom endnu paa Vestlandet, ikke byg-
gede af laft, men, som den ældre Gulathingslov viser, af stol-
per (stafr), der forbandtes med sviller (staflegja) og
tvertræer (fleydri); de bleve tækkede med bord (tröd),
hvorpaa lagdes næver og torv, som igjen støttedes af
torvstok (forfvølr) og vindskier (vindskeid).
Her maa dernæst omtales den maade, hvorpaa man
ombord befriede fartøjet for det indtrængende vand. I
baadene skede dette ved hjelp af øsekar (austker). Paa
større skibe havde man to øserum, det ene i forenden,
det andet i agterenden®), hvoraf ogsaa det der anbragte,
ovenfor omtalte, baand (austrbiti) havde sit navn. Øs-
ningen foregik oprindelig ved bøtter (byttuaustr) eller
stampe (stampaustr). I et par sagaer®) finde vi endog
nærmere beskrevet, hvorledes det hele gik for sig, skjønt
det ogsaa uden denne fortælling lettelig kunde tænkes.
1) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 192
°) Heimskr. p. 223, Biskup. sög. I, 422.
Nicolaysen. Langskibet,
?) Cfr. Flateyarb, I, 434, Grettis sag. kap. 38.
9) Fostbrædra sag. (Flateyarb, II, 205); Grettis sag. kap. 17.
the hold, but the boards were placed after a different
fashion of which more hereafter.
It is hardly probable, that in the days of heathen-
ism, names were given to “the vessels when they were
launched. So much may, possibly, be inferred from
that
in which such a naming might be expected, when
the circumstance, in one instance of the few
Olaf Trygvason called the vessel which he took from
Roud the Strong «the Serpent», nothing is said of the
ship having previously had any name"). From the time of
the introduction of Christianity, it became more and
more the custom in the case of large vessels and
even it would seem of merchant vessels, to give a
name to the vessel, and at the same time, a conse-
cration took place by which the vessel was placed un-
der the special guardianship of the Church or some
Saint»).
sited relics in the planking (enmispænir) of the stem
On the Mariasude King Sverre even depo-
and stern?).
i >is
that
were hauled up on
ascertained from the more recent national
laws, vessels of after having been laun-
ched,
(naust) where they were kept when not in use.
war,
into a boat-house
Such
was certainly, throughout the land, the case with all
logs,
other vessels. Such even now is the practice on the
western coast and more northward, as far as yachts and
boats are concerned. Thus in the times of Saint Olaf, a
boathouse by the lake Miøsen at Ringnes *) in Stange is
mentioned, and of such a fact the name Noste (Naustar)
of a land estate in Lier, bears testimony. Such boathouses
were then as now on the western coasts, not constructed
with board but, as the old Gula-law shows, of upright
posts (sta/r) which were tied with platetimbers (stafl@g7a)
and transoms (fleyérz). They were then roofed with
board (4708) on which birch-bark and turf were laid, and
these again were supported by slender beams ((/or/vo/r)
and verge-boards (vindskeid).
The method by which sailors kept their vessel free
from water, has next to be mentioned. It was done in
boats by the use of scoops (ausiker) but in the larger
ships there were two wells in the hold, one fore,
the other aft®), and the beam there (austrbitt) previ-
ously referred to, thence obtained its name. Originally
the baling was done either with buckets (oyttuaustr)
or tubs (stampaustr). In two of the sagas®), we find
accurately described, how the whole business was
managed, although this might be readily understood
3) Konungasög. ed. Unger p, 84. *) Heimskr. p. 255.
3
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