Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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18
I den førstnævnte saga berettes, at den ene af de to
øsende mænd, og som ingen anden var end den berømte
. Thormod Kolbrunarskald (+ 1030), stod nede i bunden
og, naar bøtten var fyldt, langede den op til den anden, *
som stod paa tiljerne, modtog bøtten og tømte den
udover skibssiden. Dertil føjes i begge sagaer, at den-
gang kjendte man endnu ikke den senere øsningsmaade
med navnet deluaustr, hvilken dog ikke nærmere beskri-
ves. Men da ordet er sammensat af dæla, der kommer
af dalr og betyder en rende, maa det vistnok for.
staaes om en pumpe, og det saameget mere som det
engelske pumpdale betyder pumpens hule cylinder. Det
interessanteste ved de nævnte sagaers beretning er, hvad
der saa yderst sjeldent forekommer, at man her nogen-
genlunde kan beregne, naar denne forbedring var indført.
Antages det nemlig med professor G. Storm), at den
ældste af de to sagaer eller Fostbroeéra saga ikke er for-
fattet efter 1210, saa maatte man hos os først have lært
at indrette en pumpe i løbet af de 200 aar, som ligge
mellem 1030 og 1210. Dog har man vel dengang neppe
havt nogen vegtstang til at hæve pumpestokken med,
hvorimod denne, som endnu paa vore mindre jægter, ri-
meligvis kun havde en liden tverstang til haandgreb.
Hos os har man ikke kjendt flere end ét ror (styrq).
Det havde fra gammel tid sin faste plads noget forenfor
bagstavnen paa højre side, hvorfor denne fik navn af
styrbord (stjörnbordi), medens den modsatte side, eller
til venstre af rormanden, kaldtes bagbord (bakbordt). Som
støtte for den styrende var der bag ham, ligesom endnu
paa mange af vore baade, en opretstaaende tverfjæl
(höfdafjol).
som en bred aare, hvis nedre del (stjörnarblad), som det
Selve roret bestod af en planke med form
kan sees paa Tunebaadens ror (pl. II fig. 3), i midten havde
et rundt hul for derigjennem ved hjelp af en taugstrop
at fæste det til skibssiden, medens den øverste korte
runde hals (styrisknappr) blev omfattet af et hamlebaand
(styrihamla).
bladet en firkantet aabning for rorpinden (styrisdrengr,
Øverst paa halsen var i modsat retning af
styrisstöngr, hjalmunvolr). Desuden havde roret noget
1) Snorrre Sturlassons Historieskrivn. p. 53.
- ged its contents over the vessel’s side.
without the help of this description. In the first of
those Sagas it is stated, that the first of the balers,
a man no less than the famous Thormod Kolbrunarskald
(died 1030), stood on the bottom of the well and when
the bucket was filled, hoisted it to the other, who stood
above on the flooring, received the bucket and dischar-
It 4s added in
both the Sagas, that in those days, the other method
dæluaustr,
that method is
applied, is com-
of baling employed later and termed was
unknown; but in the Sagas mentioned,
not described. Since however the word
pounded of dæla, derived from dalr, and meaning å
conduit, it must here be understood to intend a pump,
and this the rather, in as much as the English word
«pumpdale» means the hollow cylinder of the pump.
What is most interesting in the account given by the
two Sagas, is that we with tolerable accuracy can settle the
date, when the improvement in question was intro-
If it be
assumed, — as by Professor G. Storm?) it is, — that the
duced, a thing that very rarely can be done.
elder of these two Sagas, the Fostbrædra Saga, was not
composed later than A. D. 1210, we might conclude
that among us the art of pumpmaking was ‘acquired
within the range of those 200 years which lie between
the last named year and 1030, At that time, however
the use of a lever to raise the pumprod was most
likely not known, whilst the latter, as still on board
our smaller yachts, must be supposed to have had a
small cross piece for its handle.
Among us but one rudder (s4jri) was known.
This had, from old times, its fixed position somewhat
before the stern-post, on the right side of the vessel,
and thence the name of starboard (stjörndordi) was deri-
ved, whilst the opposite side or on the left of the helms-
The helmsman had behind
him as a stay then as at present on some of our smaller
man, was termed darkbordi.
boats, an upright wooden bulkhead standing across
(höfdafjol).
shape of a broad oar, the lower portion of which
The helm consisted of a plank in the
(stjörnardlad) as may be seen in the Tune boat’s rudder
(p!. II fig. 3), in the middle was provided with a round hole
to enable it by means of a rope to be fastened to the
side of the vessel, whilst its short round upper neck
(styrisknappr) was caught by a grummet (styrihamla).
A square aperture in the opposite direction of the blade
was made for the tiller (styrisdrengr), styrisstongr,
hjalmunvölr), in the upper part of the neck, The rudder
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