Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
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å
men katalogen gav tillige den oplysning, at der ikke skulde
kjendes noget ældre engelsk skib med mere end én mast.
Masten blev, som ligeledes sees af Tuneskibet!), sat
ned i en aabning i en svær ekeblok, der havde sin
plads over de mellemste spanter. Udentvil har blokkens
form i begge ender af en fiskehale givet anledning til
navnet mastefisken paa den forhøjelse af dækket,
som findes i nutidens skibe omkring masten. Den aab-
ning i blokken, hvori masten stod, strakte sig med samme
brede et godt stykke agterover for at lette mastens reis-
ning og nedlægning. Vi have ogsaa en fortælling om,
hvorledes det gik til ved mastens reisning. Det heder
saaledes i 12257), at da man reiste masten paa konge-
skibet, begyndte den at falde fremover mod forstavnen
efter stokkene (? eptir stokkumum), saa at kong Haakon,
der stod under masten, vilde være bleven dræbt, hvis
ikke en mand havde faaet fat i hans belte og rykket ham
ud imod skibssiden. Grunden til mastens glidning var,
at der havde været is i mastesporet (stallr). Naar ma-
sten var reist, blev den støttet ved tauge paa samme
maade som endnu i jægterne, nemlig ved et stag
(stag) til forstavnen og to eller tre vant (höfudbenda)
til hver side.
top (Minn) og tæt under det sted, hvor de stødte
Disse tauge fæstedes omkring mastens
sammen, var der et hul (hiimnbora), hvorigjennem heise-
For at
holde raaen til masten eller hindre den fra at svinges
tauget eller faldet (dragreip) for raaen (rå) gik.
udad, blev dertil, som endnu paa jægterne, fæstet et
krumtræ (rakki), der omsluttede masten. Ligeledes var
der i hver ende eller nok af raaen, for at give den saa-
dan stilling, som vinden krævede, anbragt et brasetaug
(aktaumr), der fæstedes paa sine steder bagenfor masten,
men som under visse omstændigheder rormanden selv
tog i sin haand eller slog om sine skuldre?) Foruden
raaen havde man ogsaa nogle mindre rundholter (åsdrengr,
bettiåss), for dermed at udspile sejlet, naar det skulde
»>OZES».
Sejlet var, som vi kunne se blandt andet paa bro-
deriet i Bayeux og skibet i Bergens ovennævnte segl,
et firkantet raasejl som paa jægterne nordenfor Bergen.
Det var ikke sjelden af vadmel (wd), ligesom endnu i
enkelte fjorde nordenfor Bergen, men paa de bedst ud-
styrede skibe vistnok af almindelig sejldug; naar det
skulde være rigtig fint, blev det undertiden, endog paa
handelsskibe*), stribet (sfafadr) med røde, blaa og røde,
eller tillige grønne striber, ja paa det af kong Haa-
PES ER IE RES n
1) Skilling-Magazin 1867 p. 717.
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*) Konungasög. ed. Unger p. 317.
Museum in London 1867. But, in this instance, the ca-
talogue stated, that no elder English vessel was known
to have had more than one mast.
The mast was, — as may also be seen’) in the Tune-
ship, — set in an opening made in a large oak block
fixed above the midframes of the vessel. The fish-tail
form of that block, at both its ends, has no doubt caused
that rise of the deck found about the mast in all modern
ships, to be named the mast fish. The aperture in the
block in which the mast stood, extended, at the same
breadth, a considerable distance sternward in order to
facilitate raising and lowering, and we have also a story
about what happened once at such a raising. It is re-
lated thus, that in A. D. 1225?) when the mast had been
raised on the royal ship, it began to droop towards the
fore post after the stocks (? eptir stokkunumt) so that
King Haakon who stood thereunder, would have been
killed, if a man had not seized him by the belt and
dragged him towards the ship’s side. The cause of the
accident, was ice in the mast-step (s/zd/r). When the
mast had been raised, it was steadied by ropes, in the
manner at present in use, on the yachts, with a stay
(stag) lashed to the forepost and two or three shrouds
(20fudbenda) on each side. These ropes were fixed round
the top (Amun) of the mast, and close under the place,
where they met, a hole (funndora) was made, through
which the hoisting rope or fall (dragreip) for the
To hold the yard to the mast, or
prevent it being swung outward, a wooden parral
yard (rd) passed.
(rakki) which clipped the mast, was used, as still on
our yachts. At each end or arm of the yard, a. brace
rope (aklaumr) was put to give the yard a position as
the wind required. This brace rope was fastened in its
place behind the mast, but under some circumstances the
helmsman himself took the rope in his hand or slung
it over his shoulder’). Besides the yard, there were
also several small spars (dsdrengr, bettidss), to keep
the sail strained, when it was intended to increase
speed.
The form of sail was as shown by the Bayeux tape- |
stry and the Bergen seal, a square sail like that of the
yachts north of Bergen. The use of frieze (vad) was not
uncommon, as even now, in some of the firths north of
Bergen, but on the vessels best fitted up certainly of
common canvass, and when they desired to show un-
common splendour, they sometimes and even on merchant
vessels*) ornamented the sails with stripes (sfafr) of
red, blue and green. The sails of the Dragon-vessel,
3) Laxdoel. sag. kap. 18. *) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 367.
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