Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - II. Udsigt over skibsvæsenet i Norge fra de ældste tider indtil middelalderens slutning / Review of the condition and progress of shipping in Norway, from the earliest period, to the close of the middle ages
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
19
jernbeslag?!), hvortil hørte, som den nysnævnte tegning
viser, en eller flere kramper nedad mod rorets hæl,
men som forresten ikke nærmere omtales. Naar roret
blev sat i den stilling, det maatte have for at opfylde
sin hensigt, eller op og ned, lidt paa skraa og saaledes,
at dets flade var omtrent parallel med rælingen, sagdes
man at leggja styri i lag, medens det modsatte betegnes
med at leggja styrt or lagi, hvorved roret følgelig haledes
op. Dette skede, naar farvandet var erundt og man
frygtede for, at roret vilde støde i bunden; hvilket bedst
sees af beretningen?) om Olaf den helliges, forresten vist-
nok uhistoriske, fart gjennem det udgravede Agnafit ved
Mælaren, hvor han byder sine folk at heise sejl, legge
roret udaf lag og styre med aarerne. F orøvrigt varede
det længe baade hos os og i udlandet, inden man som
nu fik hængeror i agterenden. Vi træffe saaledes endnu
1242 sideror paa den ovennævnte dørstolpe fra Neslands
kirke, hvilket ogsaa forudsættes paa det nysanførte sted
i Bergens bylov (1276), og ligeledes sees paa Gunnar
Raasveins segl (1329); derimod har drageskibet i Ber-
gens segl (1299) hængeror i agterenden*). Til sammen-
ligning med udlandet kan hidsættes, at Liibeck’s segl
(1249) %), et gravmonument (omtr. 1250) i St. Denis ved
Paris®), samt de segl, som træffes for Dover (1281)"),
Calais (1308) og St. Sebastian (1335)8) alle vise sideror,
medens skibet paa det ovennævnte alterskab fra Slagens
kirke har, som det maa antages, ror 1 agterenden, og i
alle fald det skib, som sees paa et engelsk segl fra 1395.
Det samme er tilfældet paa et relikvieskrin i Briigge,
malet omkring 1480 af Hans Memling®), og paa et maleri
fra slutningen af samme hundredaar i Floda Kirke i
Sverige?®),
Som vi kunne se i Tuneskibet, havde man fra forst
af kun én mast (sigla, vidr, tré). Dette var fremdeles
tilfældet langt ned i middelalderen og ved de indenlandske
baade og jegter ligetil vor tid, alene med undtagelse af
nogle store fiskebaade paa Søndmøre"). Heller ikke i
udlandet, og navnlig i England, havde man tidligere mere
end én mast, dog viser den ældste skibsmodel, som jeg
saa i 1867 i marinegalleriet i South Kensington museum
i London af krigsskibet Harry, bygget 1514, 4 master,
1) Bergens Bylov IX, 18.
3) Urkundenb. d, Stadt Libeck I, 759.
der Minnesing. II, 290. 8) Demay 1. cit. p. 253 seqv.
BRAND, Floda kyrka i Södermanland pl. 3.
?) Heimskr. ed. Unger p. 221.
8) VIOLLET LE Duc, diction. d.
9) LUBKE, Vorschule z. Stud. d. kirchl. Kunst 1866 p. 136.
11) Folkevennen XII, 243.
was, besides, slightly mounted with iron!) to which,
as the just named drawing shows, one or more cramps
were added down towards the heel of the ruddet,
but of this no closer description is given. When the
rudder was set in the position required for answering
its purpose, or up and down, a little aslant and so that
its blade was almost parallel with the gunwale, it was
called to leggja styri i lag, to steady the helm, while
the opposite thing was termed to leggja styrt or lag, by
which of course was meant to put up the helm. This
took place in shoal water, and when it was feared that
the rudder might strike the bottom, as is seen from the
report, — doubtless unhistoric?), — of St. Olaf’s passage
through the excavated Agnafit by the Mælar, where he
bids his crew to hoist sail, lay off the helm and to steer
with the oars. It was long both with us and abroad,
before the rudder suspended astern, came into use.
Thus it 45," that A. DD 1243 we find. the side-helm
on the already named door-pillar from the Church
in Nesland, and the same’ thing is also assumed in the
just cited passage in the Law of the town of Ber-
gen (1276) and is likewise seen on Gunnar Rosvein’s
seal?) (1329), but on the other hand, the dragon-vessel
on Bergen’s seal (1299) shows the rudder suspended
astern*). In order to institute a comparison with for-
eign countries, it may be stated, that Liibeck’s seal
(12495), a tomb (about 1250) in St. Denis near Paris®)
also the seals for Dover (1281)"), for Calais (1308)
and St. Sebastian (1335)% all have side-helm; mean-
while the above named altar piece from Slagen Church
shows, as it may be assumed, a rudder astern, and,
at any rate, the ship seen on an English seal from
1395, shows the rudder so placed. The same is also
the case on a casket of relics in Bruges, painted by
Hans Memling®) about 1480, and on a painting from the
close of the same eentury in Floda Church in Sweden *®)
As we also can see from the Tune vessel, only one
mast (szgla, vidr, tré) was in use. This was, thence-
forward the case far into the middle ages, and is still,
as regards the home boats and yachts, with the solitary
exception of some large fishing boats at Söndmöre"),
the fact even down to our own time. Neither abroad
nor, notably, in England, was more than a single mast
in use at an earlier date, although 4 masts are shown
by the oldest ship model of the ship of war «Harry»,
built in 1514, seen by myself in the South Kensington
5 D. Norv. TE 20.160, 170 4) Ibid. no. 46,
mobil, frang. IX, 34. 7) ALW. SCHULTZ, das höf. Leben zur Zeit
10) B, HILDE-
3*
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
