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CONTENTS.
page
Eric brought to Trial before the Estates, and Deposed.
His Imprisonment and Sufferings............................ 159
Plots for his Release. Resolution of the Council of
State to despatch him............................................ 160
He is poisoned by the Servants of Duke John. His
Widow and Children.............................................. 161
Fortunes of his son Gustavus in Poland and Russia..... 162
CHAPTER XII.
john and charles. a.d. 1569—1592.
John acknowledged King. Position of Duke Charles.
Charter of Privileges to the Nobility........................ 163
Congress of Stettin, and Peace with Denmark. War
with Russia.......................................................... 164
Successes in Livonia and on the Finnish Border. The
Crown-Prince Sigismund elected King of Poland....... 165
Design of John to restore Popery. Arrival of Jesuits
in Stockholm........................................................ 166
State of the Church, and the Popular Belief.
Provisions of the Kirk’s Ordinance.............................. 167
Machinations of the Jesuits. King John’s Liturgy....... 168
His Embassy to Rome, and Proposals to the Pope.
Abandonment of Papistical Tendencies.................... 169
Exasperation of the Differences between the King and
Duke Charles. Division of the Royal Patrimony...... 170
Dispute between them as to the Government of Livonia.
Intentions of Gustavus I. respecting the Government 171
Crown-rights over the Nobility. The Equestrian
Service. Views of the Swedish Nobles in this Age
illustrated from the Treatise of Count Brahe................... 172
Disputes as to the Civil and Ecclesiastical Government
of the Duchy........................................................ 173
Reflections on the Character and Policy of King John.
’ His Second Marriage. Affairs of Poland.................. 174
Statutes of Calmar, for the future Union and Govern-
ment of Sweden and Poland.................................... 175
Family of Vasa. The King’s Suspicions of Treason in
J the’Council.......................................................... 176
Regulations of the Mines. Improvements of Duke
Charles in Vermelana............................................ 177
Mismanagement and Profusion of the Court. John
determines to visit his son Sigismund...................... 178
The King’s Departure, and Stay in Reval.
Remonstrances of the Council and the Army....................... 179
The King’s R.eturn ; his Disgust with the Council........ 180
The Estates convoked. Arraignment of Six Lords of
the Council for their Conduct at Reval, and Design
to annul the Hereditary Settlement........................ id.
Despotic Conduct of the King; his Harshness towards
the Accused. The Russian War. Horn’s Heroism,
Unjust Condemnation, and Pardon......................... 181
Illness and Death of John.......................................... 182
CHATTER XIII.
charles against sigismund. a. d. 1592—1598.
Education of Sigismund by his Father in the Catholic
Faith. Proceedings of Duke Charles in his absence.
Pardon of the Accused Lords. The Duke’s Covenant
with the Council................................................... 183
Synod of Upsala. Abrogation of John’s Liturgy........... 184
The Calvinists declared Heretics. Fears as to the
admission of the King. Mission of Thure Bielke to
obtain Guarantees from Sigismund.......................... 185
The King’s arrival. Disorders at Stockholm. Diet of
Upsala. His acceptance of the proposed Conditions.. 186
The Coronation. Opinion of Gustavus Adolphus as to
Sigi9mund’s Conduct and Policy. Renewal of the
Abuses of the former Union. Postulates of the Nobles 187
Sigismund’s Charter of Privileges to their Order.
Arrangements for his Departure to Poland................... 188
Quarrels of the Poles and Swedes. His Embarkation.
Position of the Council; vast Infeudations to several
of its Members...................................................... 189
PAGE
Pretensions of the new Lieutenants to Independence
of the Duke. Re-erection of the University of
Up-sala. Peace with Russia. Disturbances raised by
Fleming, the Governor of Finland........................... 190
Convention of the Estates by Duke Charles at Soder-
koeping. Measures against the Catholics................. 191
Kirk-inquest by the Archbishop. Distress and
Discontent. Letter of the Dalesmen in support of Duke
Charles. Civil War in Finland............................... 19-3
The Duke renounces the Government, and convokes
the Diet of Arboga................................................ 193
Announcement of Sigismund’s purpose to return.
Decrees of the Estates in favour of the Duke.
Arrival of Sigismund. Negotiations and Hostilities.
Fights of Stegeborg and Stangbridge........................ 194
Treaty of Linkoeping. Flight of Sigismund. Charles
declared by the Estates Hereditary Prince Regnant.... 195
CHAPTER XIV.
charles ix. a. d. 1599—1611.
Consequences of Sigismund’s Flight. Disorders in
Upper Sweden...................................................... 196
Severities against the King’s Adherents. Execution of
John Sparre, brother of the Chancellor, and others.
Diet of Linkoeping. Arraignment of the Royalist
Nobles................................................................. 197
Condemnation of the Accused, and Execution of their
Chiefs. Banishment of other Nobles of the King’s
Party.................................................................. 198
Offer of the Crown by the Estates at Linkoeping to the
Duke. Military Operations in Livonia. Negotiations
with the Poles. Visit of Charles to Finland............. 199
Condition of the Peasantry of that Province.
Reflections on the Career and Position of Charles. His
Generous Conduct to his nephew, Prince John.......... 200
Diet at Stockholm. His View of Foreign Affairs.
Famine and Plague. Refusal of the Crown by
Charles. New Council appointed........................... 201
His Religious Opinions, and Controversy with the
Archbishop.................................................................. 202
Projects of Religious Union. Rebukes to the Clergy.
Correspondence of Charles with the University of
Upsala................................................................. 203
Acceptance of the Crown by Charles in 1604.
Hereditary Settlement of Norrkoeping. Measures for the
Organization of the Military Force........................... 204
The King’s Relations with the Nobility. Projects for
the Amendment of the Law.................................... 205
Correction of Judicial Abuses. Regulation of the
Provincial Governments and Magistracy....................... 206
Commercial Measures. Import and Export Duties.
Mines and Manufactories. Survey of the Country... 207
War in Livonia. Revolutions of Russia. Disputes
with Denmark. Invasion by Christian IV................ 208
The King’s Negotiations with Foreign States. His
Death. Spirit of his Life and Reign....................... 209
CHAPTER XV.
GUSTAVUS II. ADOLPHUS. HIS INTERNAL
ADMINISTRATION. A. D. 1611—1632.
Sketch of the Early Life and Education of the King by
Chancellor Oxenstiema.......................................... 210
His First Campaign against the Danes........................ 211
His acknowledgment by the Estates, and Accession to
the Government. View of the effects of the
Hereditary Settlement..................................................... 212
The Royal Warranty; Restrictions stipulated on the
Power of the Crown. Legal Rights and Obligations
of the Nobility...................................................... 213
Policy of former Kings with regard to the Feudal
Prestations; Efforts of Charles IX. and Gustavus Adol-
phus to give the Order a Military Character............... 214
Prevalence of the Military Spirit in the Government..... 215
Aristocratic and Democratic Parties; Oxenstiema and
Skytte................................................................. 216
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