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xli CONTENTS.
page
Order of Battle and Preparations. The King’s address
to his Troops........................................................ 28]
Desperate Charge of the Infantry ; temporary Repulse.
The King’s Fall.................................................... 282
The Duke of Weimar takes the Command. Arrival of
Pappenheim with Reinforcements to the Imperialists 283
Final Attack and Triumph of the Swedes. Recovery of
the King’s Body.................................................... 284
Reception of the News in Sweden. The Duke of Lauen-
burg suspected as the author of the King’s Death...... 285
Inquiry into the Probability of the Charge ; its
Groundlessness evinced................................................... 286
Reflections on the Life, Character, and Intentions of
Gustavus Adolphus............................................... 287
CHAPTER XVIII.
christina’s minority. the guardians.
A. D. 1633—1645.
Correspondence of the Chancellor with the Council of
State upon the King’s Death.................................. 2S8
Views of Gustavus Adolphus as to the Organization of
the Ministry. Proposed Alliance and Match with
Brandenburg........................................................ 289
Oxenstierna’s Draught of a Constitution. Diet of 1633.
Acknowledgment of Christina................................. 290
Regency of Guardians appointed; their Oath.
Pretensions of the Polish branch of the Vasas revived......... 291
The Chancellor’s Form of Government adopted by the
Diet. The five Administrative Colleges. Prefects
and Judges.......................................................... 292
Obligations of Official Persons to render an Account in
yearly Courts of Inquest......................................... 293
Character of Oxenstierna. His Memorial to the Council.
Financial Measures recommended by him............... 294
His Suggestions for the Improvement of the Towns,
and the Abolition of Burdens on Trade.................... 295
His Views upon the Conduct of the War. Negotiation
with the Saxon Court at Dresden............................ 296
The Chancellor appointed to the Supreme Directory of
the War. Protestant League of Heilbronn.............. 297
Project for investing the Chancellor with the Electorate
of Mentz, and marrying his son to the Queen............ 298
Mutiny among the Officers of the Army of the Danube.
Dissensions of the Swedish and German Generals...... 299
Operations on the Weser and in Suabia. Ratisbon taken
by the Imperialists................................................ 300
Duke Bernard of Weimar and Horn defeated at
Nord-lingen. Bad Faith of AVallenstein. His
Assassination..................................................................... 301
Inquiry into the extent of his Guilt. Dissensions of
the Protestant States of Germany........................... 302
Peace of Prague. Change in the Prospects of the War.
Negotiations with Denmark and Poland. The
Swedish Ministry inclined to Peace................................ 303
Rising Influence of France. Policy of Richelieu. Visit
of Oxenstierna to him to settle terms of Alliance....... 304
Fruitless Efforts of Oxenstierna for Peace. John Baner,
the new Commander-in-Chief................................. 305
The Saxons take part actively against Sweden.
Operations on the Oder................................................. 306
Invasions of Bohemia and Bavaria. Baner’s Retreat
from Ratisbon, and Death...................................... 307
Ratification of the Alliance with France. Oxenstierna’s
Home Administration............................................ 308
New Levy. Inquiry into Abuses. New Division and
Allocation of the Army.......................................... 309
Reforms in various Departments of the Public Service.
Torstenson General-in-Chief................................... 310
Military Discontents after Baner’s Death. Dangerous
Jealousies among the Generals................................ 311
Invasion of the Emperor’s hereditary Dominions.
Advance to Vienna, and successful Retreat.................. 312
Reinforcements arrive from Sweden. Second B3ttle of
Leipsic................................................................ 313
tage
Campaign of 1643 broken off. Rupture with Denmark.
Resolution for War................................................ 314
Torstenson’s Instructions for Operations against
Denmark. He evades the Imperialists......................... 315
Account of Denmark in this Age by a Swedish Minister.
Its Military System............................................... 316
Public Revenue. State of Norway. Description of the
other Provinces.................................................... 317
The Nobility, Clergy, and Burgesses. Reduction of
Jutland. Design on Zealand................................. 318
Maritime Operations and Engagements. Defeat of the
Imperialists under Gallas....................................... 319
Naval Victory. Peace of Bromsebro. Cessions by
Denmark. Grants to Oxenstierna.......................... 320
CHAPTER XIX.
Christina’s government and abdication,
a.d. 1644—1654.
Assumption of the Government by the young Queen.
Diet of 1644. Report made by the Guardians to the
Estates................................................................ 321
Approved by the Queen. Sentiments of the Estates as
to the Constitution................................................ 322
Youth and Education of the Queen; her Learning and
Accomplishments.................................................. 323
Her Character and Manners described by Chanut, the
French Ambassador............................................... 324
Concluding Period of the War. Invasion of Bohemia
by Torstenson. Great Victory of Jankowitz.............. 325
Want of Co-operation obliges him to retreat. Effect of
his Successes. Congress of O&naburg...................... 326
Instructions of the Chancellor to the Swedish
Commissioners at the Congress..................................... 327
Desolate Condition of Germany. Wrangel appointed
Commander-in-Chief............................................. 328
Campaign of 1646. Junction with the French under
Turenne. Truce concluded with Bavaria................. 329
Instructions of the Ministry to Wrangel. Campaign of
1647. Last year of the War.................................... 330
Devastation of Bavaria by the Allies. Peace of
Westphalia. Acquisitions of Sweden.............................. 331
Immediate effects of the Peace. Consequences of the
Alienation of Crown Estates................................... 332
Liberties of the Yeomanry endangered by the increased
Power of the Nobility. Evil enhanced by the excess
of the Royal Bounty.............................................. 333
Count de la Gardie, the new Favourite. The Queen’s
Displeasure with the Oxenstiernas.......................... 334
Temporary Retirement of the Chancellor. Causes of
the Decline of his Influence................................... 335
Jealousy towards the Nobility among the other Estates.
Efforts of the Clergy to procure an extension of their
Privileges............................................................ 336
Uneasy state of Public Feeling. Controversy on Popular
Rights................................................................. 337
Claims to New Privi". eges by the Nobility refused.
Solemn Protest of the Three Unnoble Estates calling
for the Resumption of Crown Lands........................ 338
Imminent Danger of Civil War. Suit of Prince Charles
Gustavus for the Queen’s hand............................... 339
Its Rejection. She proposes to the Council that the
Prince be declared her Successor............................. 340
Announcement of her purpose to abdicate. Its Causes,
Political and Personal. Bent of Thought and
Speculation in this Age.................................................. 341
Influence of Foreign Opinions and Literature. Intrigues
to precipitate the Queen’s Abdication....................... 342
Their Detection and Punishment. Dissipation and
Profuseness of the Court........................................ 343
New Favourites. Popular Disaffection. Appanage
settled on the Queen. The Abdication.................... 344
Departure of the Queen from Sweden. Her subsequent
Conduct............................................................... 345
Supplementary Notes......................................... 346
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