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2l6 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS.
TABLE No. 25.—Modulus of Elasticity and Ultimate
Tensile Strength of Various Materials.
Ultimate Modulus of Ultimate
Materials.
Modulus of
Elasticity in
Pounds per
Square Inch.
Tensile
Strength in
Pounds per
Square Inch.
Elasticity in
Kilograms per
Square
Centimeter.
Tensile
Strength in
Kilograms
per Square
Centimeter.
Cast steel . . . i
30,000,000 100,000 2.200,000 7,000
Bessemer steel . . 28.000,000 70,000 1,970.000 4.930
Wrought iron bars 25,000,000 55,000 1,700,000 3,850
Wrought iron wire 28,000,000 75,000 1,970,000 5,250
( 12,000,000 10,000 80,0000 700
Cast iron * . . . < to to to to
I 15,000,000 20,000 1,000.000 1,400
Copper bolts . . . 18,000,000 35,000 1,200,000 2,400
Brass . . . 9,000,000 17,700 630,000 1,200
Oak .... 1,500,000
1,400,000
17,000 105,000 1,200
1,400
Hickory- 20,000 98,000
Maple . . . 1,100,000 15,000 77,000 1.000
Pitch pine . 1,600,000 15,000 112,000 1,000
Pine . . . 1,100,000 10,000 77,000 700
Spruce . . 1,100,000 10,000 77,000 700
The two last columns in above table are calculated by the
rule : One pound per sq. inch = 0.07031 kilograms pei sq. centi-
meter and the result is reduced to the nearest round number.
Formulas for Tensile Strength.
The ultimate tensile strength of any specimen is in propor-
tion to its cross-sectional area, and is expressed by the following
formula
:
P_
A
P_
S
A =
Side of a square bar = -v/
Diameter of a round bar =
S X 0.7854
P = Force in pounds which will pull the specimen asunder.
S = Ultimate tensile strength in pounds per square inch.
(See Table No. 25).
A = Cross-sectional area of the specimen in square inches.
* Very strong cast iron may have an ultimate tensile strength as high as 30,000
pounds per square inch.
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