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STRENGTH OF MATERIALS.
CRUSHING STRENGTH.
Short posts having square ends well fitted may be
considered to give away under pure crushing stress. Their
strength is in proportion to their area; therefore, when the
length of a post does not exceed four to five times its diameter
or smallest side, its strength or size may be calculated by the
following formulas
:
Side of a square post = ^^^
f s
VP X f
—
0.7854 S
S * 0.7854 S
P = Safe load in pounds to be supported by the post.
A = Area of post in square inches.
S = Ultimate crushing strength of the material in pounds
per square inch, given in Table No. 26.
f = Factor of safety.
TABLE No. 26. —Modulus of Elasticity and Ultimate
Crushing Strength of Various Materials.
Modulus of Ultimate Modulus of Ultimate
Elasticity Crushing Elasticity in Crushing
Materials. in Pounds Strength in Kilograms
per Square
Strength in
per Square Pounds per Kilograms per
Sq. Centimeter
Inch. Square Inch Centimeter.
Cast steel .... 30,000,000 150,000 2,200,000 10,500
Bessemer steel . . 28,000,000 50,000
45,000
1,970,000 3,500
3,000
Wrought iron . <
(
25,000,000
12,000,000
to
50,000
1,700,000
800,000
to
3,500
Cast iron . . . < to
15,000,000
90,000 to
1,000,000
6,300
Oak (endwise) 1,500,000 9,000 105,000 630
Pitch pine " 1,600,000 9,000 112,000 630
Pine " 1,100,000 6,000 77,000 420
Spruce " 11,000,000 6,000 77,000 420
Brick ...... -j
800
to 2,000
56
to 140
Brick work laid }
in 1 part cement > 600 42
and 3 parts sand )
-
Brick work laid )
in lime and sand )
240 16 to 17
Granite 10,000 700
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