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448 NOTES ON WATER
NOTES ON WATER.
Pure water is a transparent liquid without color, odor or
taste. It consists by weight of one part of hydrogen to eight
parts of oxygen, but by measure water consists of two volumes
of hydrogen to one of oxygen.
In chemistry, water is designated by H2 0.
Water is almost incompressible. It has its greatest density
at a temperature of 39 Fahr. or 4 C.
The density of water will decrease at increased temperature,
and the difference is about 4% between 39 degrees Fahr. and
212 degrees Fahr.
Water is used as the standard for specific gravity.
Water is used as the standard for specific heat.
At its greatest density one cubic foot of water weighs 62.425
pounds.
One cubic meter of water weighs 1,000 kilograms.
One wine gallon (American gallon) of distilled water is 231
cubic inches, and weighs 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois.
One imperial gallon (as used in England) of distilled water
measures 277.463 cubic inches, and weighs 10 pounds.
In calculations in general, it is in America considered that
a gallon of water, or 231 cubic inches of water, weighs eight
and one-third pounds.
A column of water one foot high will create a pressure of
0.434 pounds per square inch.
A column of water 1 inch high will create a pressure of
0.036 pounds per square inch = 0.576 ounce per square inch.
A column of water that will create a pressure of 1 ounce
per square inch is 1.725 inches high.
A column of water that will create a pressure of 1 pound
per square inch is 2.3 feet or about 2j$4 inches high.
A column of water of 33 to 34 feet will balance the atmos-
pheric pressure.
Therefore, it will be understood that it is absolutely impos-
sible to get a suction pump to draw water 33 feet. In practical
work, 25 feet is about the limit.
Water is about 773 times heavier than air at 32 Fahr.
(o° C), and about 880 times heavier than air at ioo° Fahr.
(37.8°C).
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