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Fod sees en Hule i Havbrynet; den benævnes Klettshellir,
og er et af de mange Vidnesbyrd om Havets Virkninger
paa Kysterne, paa hvilke Færøernes og Islands
Klippestrande ere saa rige. Taagen ligger over Havet og stenger
Udsigten til Island selv, med de store Jøkler.
Vende vi fra Ankerpladsen Blikket rundt; saa se vi
mod Syd eller Sydvest den lille, men regelmæssige, nu
udslukte Vulkan Helgafell. Den 23de Juli 187(3 gjorde jeg,
i.Følge nied Distriktslægen. Thorsteinn Jonsson, en Tur
til Toppen af Helgafell. Vejen gik først over en udstrakt
Lava-Mark, "Jiraun", der skraaner nedad fra Vulkanens
Kegle. I denne Lava findes flere Huler. En af dem er
sine 20 Meter lang og 10 Meter bred; ovenfra kommer
man ned i den gjennem et lidet Hul, gjennem hvilket man
kan hoppe ned paa Bunden. I en Højde af omtrent 124
Meter over Havet ophørte Lavamarken og afløstes af den
øverste Vulkan- eller Aske-Kegle. Denne bestaar af
udkastede løse Masser, tildels af større Dimensioner, som
Lavablokke af indtil 1 Meters Længde, men hovedsagelig
af mindre, aflangt runde, rødlige Slaggestene og endnu
mindre, mørke Smaasten og Sand.
Paa Toppen af Helgafell er der en kraterformet
Fordybning. Den største Hojde af Krater-Randen ligger mod
Sydost, den laveste mod Nordvest. Forskjel i Højde c.
12 Meter.’ Kraterets Bund ligger igjen omtrent 12 Meter
lavere end Randens laveste Parti. Keglens ydre Skraaning
har en Heldning af c. 35°. Den er kortest paa Sydsiden,
hvor de løse Materialier ikke række saa langt ned som paa
Nordsiden, og fra hvilken Side derfor ogsaa Bestigningen
er lettest.
Højden af det Punkt, hvor Keglen rækker længst ned
paa Nordsiden og hvor Lavamarken begynder, samt Hojdeh
af den højeste Kam paa Helgafells Krater er beregnet efter
Observationer meel Aneroidbarometer. Dette
sammenlignedes med Observationerne’ ombord (der udførtes hver Time),
idet jeg aflæste det ved Havfladen før og efter Opstigningen.
Desuden anbragtes de ved Undersøgelsen paa det
meteorologiske Institut bestemte Correctioner for forskjellige
Højder. Luftens Temperatur maaltes med Slyngethermometer.
Ved Stranden var den 0.°2 til 0.°3 højere end ombord i
•’Vøringen". De til Normalbarometer og
Normalthermo-meter reducerede observerede Værdier vare:
there at the summit the eye rests refreshed upon grassy
patches of the rich bright-green tint peculiar to the
island herbage of north-western Europe. At the foot of
the cliff we ’see a cave, called KlettshelUr; it is one of the
striking proofs given by the sea of its action on coasts, of
which so many are to be met with along the rocky shores
of the Færoes and Iceland. A mist lies over the ocean,
shutting out from view the main land of Iceland, with its
great glaciers.
Bearing south, or rather south-west, from the
anchorage, we have the small, but in form regular, and now
extinct volcano Helgafell. On the 23rd of June, 1876. I
made an excursion to the top of this mountain, in
company with the surgeon of the district, Mr. Thorsteinn
Jons-son. The way led at first over; a oroad expanse of lava,
hraun, shelving down from the cone of the volcano. In
the lava are a number of caves. To one of these,
measuring 60 feet in length by 30 in width, access is gained
from above through a narrow opening, down which you
can leap to the bottom. The field of lava reaches about
370 feet above the sea, as far as the upper cone of the
volcano. This cone consists partly of loose ejected masses,
for instance blocks of lava measuring as much as 3 feet in
length, but chiefly of reddish oval-shaped cinders, along
with dark-coloured pebbles and sand.
At the summit of Mount Helgafell there is a
craterlike excavation. The height of the edge is greatest towards
the south-east, least towards the north-west, the difference
being about 40 feet. The bottom of the excavation lies
about 40 feet beneath the lowest part of the edge. The
outer slope of the cone inclines at an angle of circa 35°.
It is shortest on the south-side, where the loose debris do
not extend so far down as on the north, and up the southern
acclivity the ascent of the mountain is therefore easiest.
The altitude of the lowest point to which the wall
of the cone descends on the north side, viz. where the field
of lava begins, as also of the loftiest ridge of the crater,
was computed from observations with the aneroid barometer.
The readings of the instrument at the level of the sea,
which I noted before and after the ascent, were compared
with the observations on board, taken every hour, and the
corrections found at the Meteorological Institute for
different altitudes duly applied. The temperature of the
atmosphere was taken with the sling thermometer. Along the
shore it was from 0.°2 to 0.°3 higher than on board the
"Vøringen." The observed values recjuced to those of the
standard barometer and standard thermometer, were as
follows: —
C.
1. Foden af Keglen (Foot of Cone) Kl. 7* 6"1 p. m. Bar. reduc. 736.’"’"7 Temp. 8.°5
Havfladen (Sea-level) „ „ — - ’ — 747. ’ 9 — 9. 5
Resultat. Højde (Result. Height) = 124 Meter (Metres).
2. Toppen af Helgafell (Summit of Helgafell) Kl. T’ 22m p. m’. — — 726. 35 — 6. 7
Havfladen (Sea-level) „ „ — — — .747. 9 — 9. 4
Resultat. Højde (Result. Height) 240.5 Meter (Metres).
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