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05
Af denne Tabel fremgaar det, at Differentserne
mellem de ved Hjælp af Egenvægt og Chlormængde beregnede
Saltmængder i Regelen ere meget smaa. kun de 3 samtidig
udførte Bestemmelser i Vandprøverne No. 261, 262 og
263 danne i saa Henseende en Undtagelse. De store
her optrædende Difterentser skyldes uclen Tvivl en Feil
ved Aflæsningen af Egenvægterne, som for disse
Vandprøvers Vedkommende ere fundne altfor låve, til at de
kunne bringes i Harmoni med andre paa Steder i
Nærheden udførte Observationer. Det er saaledes i høi Grad
paafaldende for Vandprøven No. 262, -optagen fra et Dyb
af 95 Favne (174 Meter) i ca. 8 Miles Afstand fra Land,
at tinde Egenvægten 1.0254, medens man i de indenfor
liggende" Fjorde, hvor Saltgehalten ellers overalt er mindre
end paa Havet, i lignende Dyb finder en meget større
Egenvægt. Selv i den indelukkede Skjærstadfjord, hvor
Overfladevandet er særdeles fattigt paa Salte, er dog
Egenvægten paa Bunden funden at være 1.026, kort sagt,
Egenvægter som de i de omtalte Tilfælde observerede staa paa
dette Strøg af Kysten fuldstændig uden Sidestykke.
Naturligst lade disse Urimeligheder sig forklare ved at antage
Egenvægterne aflæste med 0.001 for lavt. da de ved denne
Antagelse paa det Nærmeste kan bringes i
()verensstem-melse saavel med de i de samme Vandprøver udførte
Chlor-bestemmelser som meel de andre Observationer fra
nærliggende Puncter.
Bortser ijian fra disse 3 nævnte Observationer og af
de øvrige beregner den gjennemsnitlige halve Differents
mellem to paa samme Vandprøve ved Hjælp af Chlortitrering
og Aræometer udførte Saltbestemmelser, resulterer som
Udtryk for denne 0.00904, eller mail erholder under
Forudsætning af, at Feilene i lige høi Grad skyldes Chlor- som
Egenvægtsbestemmelserne. for den gjennemsnitlige Feil af
en Egenvægtsbestemmelse Værdien 0.000069 og af en
Chlor-bestemmelse 0.005. Differentserne falde, som man ser,
snart til den ene snart til den anden Side. idet det dog
maa bemærkes, at Chlormængden gjennemsnitlig giver lidt
over 0.008 °/„ høiere Saltgehalt end Egenvægterne, hvad
der næsten udelukkende skyldes de nordenfor den 75de
Breddegrad udførte Observationer.
Førend jeg nu gaar over til at give en Oversigt over
de Resultater, som af disse Observationer lader sig udlede,
vil det være nødvendigt parenthetisk at indskyde nogle
Bemærkninger om Dybde- og Temperaturforholdene i det
norske Hav i sine groveste Træk. Hvad der til den Ende
her meddele^, er hovedsagelig hentet fra en af Professor
Dr. Mohn forfattet Afhandling, som findes trykt i C. F.
Schübelers "Væxtlivet i Norge."
Dybden i clet af den norske Expedition undersøgte
Hav, forsaavidt det ligger vestenfor en Linie fra
Spitsbergen til det nordlige Norge-, er i større Afstand fra Land
overalt over 1000 Favne (1829 Meter) og gaar i Regelen
op til mellem 1500 og 2000 Favne (2743 og 3658 Meter)
eller endog derover. Paa Strøget mellem Beeren Eiland
og Jan Mayen hæver sig en Ryg, hvor Dybden ikke naar
1500 Favne (2743 Meter), medens der saavel söndenfor
Den norske Nordhavsexpedition. ’ Tornoe: Chemi.
This Table shows the differences in the amount of
salt computed from specific gravity and the proportion of
chlorine to be, as a rule, exceedingly small, the 3
determinations performed successively with samples Nos. 261, 262.
and 263 constituting the sole exception. The great
differences observed here must unquestionably arise from
erroneous readings of the specific gravity, which, as found for
these samples, is much too low when compared with that
determined for others obtained from adjacent localities.
Thus, for instance, the specific gravity of sample No. 262.
drawn at a depth of 95 fathoms (174 metres), about 8
geographical miles from laud, is stated to be 1.0254.
whereas that determined for the water of the neighbouring
fjords, in which the amount of salt at equal depths is
invariably less than in the open sea, was much greater.
Even for a frith locked in as is the Skjærstadfjord,
where the surface-water is remarkably deficient in salts,
the specific gravity of bottom-samples was found to be
1.0260; in short, such exceptional specific gravities
are without a parallel on this line of coast. The most
natural explanation of these incongruities, is afforded by
assuming the specific gravity in each case to have been read
0.001 too low; the results could then be made to agree
pretty closely both with the chlorine-determinations performed
with the same samples of water and with observations taken
in adjacent localities.
Now, if we disregard the 3 exceptional observations,
and for the others compute the average half-difference
between two salt-determinations performed with the same
sample of water by means of the areometer and titrating
with chlorine, this will be expressed by 0.00904; or,
assuming the errors to lie equally in the chlorine and the
specific gravity determinations, the mean error of a
specific’gravity determination is 0.000069, and of a
chlorine-determination 0.005. As will be seen, the differences
between the 2 right-hand columns of the Table are sometimes
positive, sometimes negative; but the amount of salt
indicated by the proportion of chlorine exceeds on an average
that denoted by the specific gravity by a trifle over 0.008
per cent, which must be referred almost exclusively to the
observations taken north of the 75th parallel of latitude.
Before proceeding to review the results deducible
from these observations, it will be necessary to interpolate
a few general remarks on the depth and temperature of
the Norwegian,Sea. To this end. I shall merely
recapitulate what Professor Mohn has stated on the subject
in a Memoir printed in C. F. Schiibeler’s "Væxtlivet i
Norge."
The depth of the Sea investigated by the Norwegian
North-Atlantic Expedition was found to be as follows: —
Throughout the tract extending west of an imaginary line
drawn from Spitzbergen to the northern extremity of
Norway, it is never less than 1000 fathoms (1829 metres)
some considerable, distance from land, and generally ranges
from 1500 to 2000 fathoms (2743—3658 metres); nay.
in some places it is even greater. Between Beeren Ei-
10*
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