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Siile
som paa disse høje Bredder endnu ikke er gjennenifaret
af nogen Expedition. Mod Sydvest grunder det i NNW
for Jan Mayen op til 1300 Favne, et Parti, jeg efter den
tyske Nordfart kalder det „ Tyske Dyb-1, og som har
sin Fortsættelse dels mod Danmark-Strædet, dels mod Jan
May en-Re uden.
Østenfor Linien Vestspidsbergen—Yesteraalen løfter
Bunden sig op til nogle faa hundrede Favnes Dyb mod
Østhavet. Dette er overalt forholdsvis grundt. En Bugt
paa over 200 Favnes Dyb gaar ind mellem Norge og
Beeren Eilancl, men østenfor den 30. Længdegrad ere
Dybderne kun mellem 100 og 200 Favne over store
Strækninger, kun afbrudt af et Par grundere Banker, indtil ind
under Kysterne. Fra Murniankysten til Novaja Semlja
ere Dybderne under 100 Favne. Fra Østspidsbergen
strækker Beeren-Eiland-Banken med udstrakte grunde Strækninger
sig sydover til lidt söndenfor denne 0.
Bundens Heldning fra Kysterne ud mod Dybet er i
Regelen ikke jevn. Det förste Stykke udenfor Kysten
dannes i Almindelighed af en svagere skraanende,
forholdsvis jevn Flade, Kystbanken, der i større eller mindre
Afstand fra Land, i en mindre eller større Dybde, gaar
gjennem en Eg, over til en sterkere Skraaning.
Fremtrædende Egge ere i Norge tiforcyyen udenfor
Romsdals-kysten, hvor Bunden paa en kort Strækning falder fra 100
til 500 Favne og i endnu højere Grad Yesteraalseqyen,
hvor Bunden synker fra 100 til 1500 Favne i Lofotdybet.
Mellem disse Steder skyder 200 Favne- Linien udenfor
Norges Kyst langt tilhavs og Eggen er ikke meget
fremtrædende. Paa lignende Maade har Shetland, Færøerne,
Island, Jan Mayen, Grønland, Vestspidsbergen sine
Banker med mere eller mindre udprægede Egge som
Yder-grændser. Kartet viser dette bedst. Ved Finmarkens
Kyst synker Bunden raskt til 100 Favne, men udenfor er
Havbunden et udstrakt Flak med svage Bølgeformer.
Ovenfor er nævnt, hvor store de gjennemsnitlige
Heldninger af Havbunden i det ^norske Hav og i det nordlige
Grønlandshav ere. Af Kartet vil man bedst se, hvorledes
Holdningerne i Virkeligheden ere fordelte. Jo tættere Isobatherne
ligge, desto større er Skraaheden. Den sterkeste Heldning
have vi fundet i Nordost for Jan Mayen, hvor Dybden naar
1040 Favne (Station No. 227) i en Afstand af 7 Kvartmil fra
Land. Hertil svarer en Heldning af 1 : 0.8 eller 8" 21’. Dette
er den umiddelbare Fortsættelse af den gamle Vulkan
Bee-renbergs Lava-Skraaninger mellem Askekeglen og Havet.1
1 Den norske. Nordhavs-Exp. H. Mohn, Geografi og Naturhistorie.
S. •-’:> og Billedet: Beerenberg- Jan Mayen, samt Kart over
Jan Maven.
covered there by the Greenland lee, which in those high
latitudes lias not been hitherto penetrated by any
Sounding-Expedition. Towards the south-west it gets shallower —
north-north-west of Jan Mayen up to 1300 fathoms, a
part of this deep which I have called, in honour of the
German explorers, the "German Deep," and that has its
continuation partly towards Denmark Strait, partly towards
the Jan-Mayen Channel.
East of the line West Spitzbergen—Vesteraalen, the
sea-bed rises towards the Barents Sea up to a few hundred
fathoms. The latter is everywhere comparatively shallow.
A bay, more than 200 fathoms deep, occurs between
Norway and Beeren Eiland; but east of the 30th degree
of longitude the depths average only between 100 and
200 fathoms, throughout extensive tracts, broken merely
by one or two comparatively shallow banks, till near the
coasts. From the Murman coast to Novaja Semlja, the
depths average less than 100 fathoms. From East
Spitzbergen , the Beeren-Eiland Bank rises, with extensive
shallow tracts, in a southward direction, till a little south
of that island.
The slope of the bottom from the coasts towards the
deep does not as a rule assume a regular character. The
first part off the coast is generally constituted by a gently
inclining, comparatively even flat — the coastal bank,
which, at a greater or less distance from land and a
less or greater depth, passes by an "edge" to a steeper
decline. Prominent edges in Norway are the "Storey"
off the coast of Romsdal, where the bottom throughout
a short tract sinks from 100 to 500 fathoms, and more
especially the 11 Vesteraalseg," where the bottom sinks from
100 to 1500 fathoms, in the Lofoten-Deep. Between
these points, extends the 200-fathom line off the coast
of Norway, far out at sea; and the edge is not there very
prominent. The banks of Shetland, the Færoes, Iceland,
Jan Mayen, Greenland, West Spitzbergen exhibit a
similar formation, with more or less prominent "edges" as
their outer boundary. Of these, the chart gives the best
representation. Along the coast of Finmark, the bottom
sinks rapidly down to 100 fathoms; but farther out the
sea-bed assumes the character of a wide-extending flat, with
gentle undulations.
Above, it has been stated how steep are the average
slopes of the sea-bed in the Norwegian and North-Greenland
Seas. From the chart, the best idea will be obtained of
the actual distribution of these slopes. The steepest decline
we found north-east of Jan Mayen, where the depth
reaches 1040 fathoms (Station 227) at a distance of 7
nautical miles from land. This corresponds to a slope of
I : 0.8, or 8° 21’. These figures represent the direct
continuation of the lava-slopes of the extinct volcano
Beerenberg — between the ash-cone and the sea.1 The next-
1 The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition: — Geography and
Natural History, by H. Mohn, p. 28, and the Plate representing
Beerenberg- Jan Mayen, as also the Map of Jan Mayen.
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