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120
i en Maaned1. De Maaneder, October og November, i
hvilke Driften gik i Retninger, der vare betydelig afvigende
fra Vindens Middelretning, ere ikke medtagne. 1 de ovrige
Maaneder gaar. som man ser. Driften meget nær i samme
Retning som den herskende Vind.
pass towards which it moves, and the rate of the drift in
nautical miles for one month.1 The months October and
November, during which the drift took directions deviating very
considerably from the mean direction of the wind, have not
been included. In the other months, the drift had. as will be
seen, very nearly the same direction as the prevailing wind.
Vind Drift Vind
Maaned Dage Retning Styrke Retning Hast, Hast. Drift
(Month i (Days) (Wind (Drift (Wind i 24 h.
Direction Force) Direction Hate) Velocity)
September 3° X. 8" E. 2.8 S. 40" W. 37’ 7-8 1/23 0. 16
December 3i X. 61" W’. 3-2 S. 47° % 68 8.6 2. 19 0. 26
Januar 31 X. 44" w • 4.6 S. 45° E. 113 11.7 3- 65 0. 3’
Februar 23 N. 26° \Y. 5.1 S. 5° E. 166 12.6 5- 93 0. 47
Marts 31 X. io" W. 4.0 S. 16" E. 94 10.2 3- 03 0. 30
April 23 X. 11° W. 5-3 S. 168 13-2 7. 30 0. 56
I den anden Del af Tabellen er Vindhastigheden den
efter Scotts Tabel til Meter p. S. omsatte Styrke, Driften
beregnet i Kvartmil i 24 Timer og f Forholdet mellem
Isens Hastighed i Kvartmil i 24 Timer og en Vindhastighed
af 1 Meter per Secund. Tages Middel af disse Tal (Summen
af Drift: Summen af Vindhastighed faar man som Resultat,
at ell (observeret) Vindhastighed af 1 ni. p. S. skulde
frembringe en Hastighed af Isen (og dermed af Vandets Overflade)
af 0.30 Kvartmil i 24 Timer (Ö.008 m. p. S.) For det aabne
Hav fandtes ovenfor Factoren 1..") Kvartmil. Den samme
Vindhastighed driver altsaa den aabne Havflade 4.2 Gange
hurtigere frem end den isbelagte Overflade.
Isen i Baffinsbugt var hindret i sin Bevægelse
derved, at den paa begge Sider stødte til Land. I
Grønlandshavet og i Østhavet er dette Tilfældet kun paa den Side,
der støder til Grønlands Østkyst eller til Østspidsbergen
og Franz-Joseph-Land. medens Havoverfladen ved
Isgrænd-sen kan antage den hele, det aabne Hav tilkommende,
Hastighed. Jeg regner derfor, at Strøinfactoreii f voxer fra
Kysten (0.008) udover mod Isgrændsen saaledes, at
Til-væxten er jevn, og at den ved Isgrændsen selv gaar op til
den, som gjælder for det aabne Hav (0.0322).
I Østhavet er paa samme Maade regnet, mellem
Østspidsbergen og Novaja Senilja. med Factorer fra 0.008
(77°.5 N. 40° E.) til 0.0322 ved Isgrændsen.
Ved Hjelp af de anforte Factorer beregnedes de til
forskellige Vindhastigheder svarende Strømhastigheder. Disse
afsattes paa et Kart (PI. XXXII). Dette viser saaledes
de normale Vindes directe, locale Virkning paa
Havoverfladen. Men disse directe Indvirkninger kan Havfladens
Bevægelse ikke følge paa alle Steder. Langt ude paa
Havet, fjernt fra Kysterne, er saadant tildels muligt, men
nærmere Kysterne maa Havets Bevægelse rette sig efter
In the second part of the Table, the velocity of the
wind is the force converted by Scott’s Table into metres
per second; the rate of the drift that computed in
nautical miles per 24 hours; and j the ratio of the motion
of the ice in nautical miles per 24 hours to a wind-velocity
of 1 metre per second. Now, if we take the mean of these
figures (sum of drift divided by sum of wind-velocity), the
result will be that a wind-velocity of 1 metre per second (as
observed) should produce a rate of motion in the ice
and thereby in the surface of the water — reaching 0.30
nautical mile in 24 hours (0.008 in. per see.). For the open
sea, I found, as stated above, the factor 1.5 nautical mile.
Hence, the same velocity ol’ wind impels the open surface
of the sea at a rate 4.2 times greater than it does an
ice-encumbered surface.
The ice in Baffin’s Bay is obstructed in its motion
by coming on both sides in contact with land. In the
Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea this occurs on one
side only, viz., that adjoining the east coast of Greenland
or East Spitzbergen and Franz-Josephs-Land, whereas at
the ice-limit, the sea-surface can assume the full rate of
the open sea. Hence T. take the current-factor, f. as
increasing from the coast (0.008) towards the ice-limit, in such
manner that the increase is uniform, and readies at the
ice-limit that found for the open sea (0.0322).
For the Barents Sea, between East Spitzbergen and
Novaja Senilja. I have in like lüänner computed with factors
from 0.008 (lat. 77°.5 N, long. 40° E) to0.0322 at the ice-limit.
By means of the given factors, I calculated the
velocities of currents corresponding to the different velocities of
wind. The said velocities were marked ofl’ on a map,
Pl. XXXIT. This shows accordingly the direct, local effect
of normal winds on the surface of the sea. But such direct
impulse the motion of the sea,-surface cannot follow in all
places. Far out. at a great distance from the coasts, this
may indeed to some extent be possible, but nearer the
Weyprecht. Die Metamorphose» des Polareises. S. 22?». 1 "Weyprecht. Die Metamorphose» des Polare
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