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121
dissos Form og Retning. Ivun hvor Kysten lober i samme
Retning, som Vinden, vil Havets Bevægelse kunne folge
dennes Retning. Hvor derimod Vindens Retning danner
en Vinkel med Kystens, maa Strømmen følge denne og
faar en Bevægelsesretning, der afviger fra Vindens. Den
Hastighed, hvormed Strømmen vil løbe, bliver ligesaameget
afhængig af de Vinde, der blæse i dens Ryg og i dens Front,
som af dem, der blæse paa selve Stedet, og desuden af Kystens
og Havbundens Fonn og Stilling til de virkende Vinde. At
finde det Strømsystem, der svarer til Vindsystemet i
Kartet Pl. XXXI, ved nogen exact Beregning, ligger vel for
Tiden udenfor Mulighedens Grændser. Jeg har derfor
forsøgt at construere det op efter et Skjøn, efter de givne
Data og de Principer, som jeg i det Følgende skal gjøre
Rede for.
Af Vindkartet, Pl. XXXI, ser man, at Vindene i
Atlanterhavet drive Vandet dels opimod Islands Sydkyst
og videre langs Islands Vestkyst samt, mellem Island og
Skotland, ind i det norske Hav.
Mellem den barometriske Indsænkning, der strækker
sig fra Strøget østenfor Island forbi Nordkap ind i
Østhavet, og Norges Vestkyst drive Vindene Vandet videre
nordover og ind i den sydlige Del af Østhavet. Her følger
det Finmarkens, Ruslands og Novaja Semljas Kyster, drevet
fremad af de herskende Vinde. I den nordlige Del af
Østhavet ere de herskende Vinde østlige. De føre
efterhaanden en Del af det atlantiske Vand henimod
Beeren-Eiland og Spidsbergen. I Grønlandshavet herske, paa
Nordvestsiden af Lufttrykkets Minimumzone, nordostlige og
nordlige Vinde, der føre Vandet videre mod Vest og —
under Grønland fra det indre Ishav — mod Syd langs
Grønlands Østkyst og forbi Jan Mayen til Danmarkstrædet
og Islands Østkyst. I vort Nordhav maa .saaledes det
cycloniske Vindsystem fremkalde et tilsvarende Strømsystem.
Det barometriske Minimums langstrakte Zone ligger,
i dens nordlige Del, meget excentrisk i Havet. En
tilsvarende excentrisk Beliggenhed af Strømsystemets Midtparti,
nær det nordlige Norge, kan ikke antages at finde Sted.
Udstrækningen og Styrken af de sydvestlige Vinde udenfor
Norges Vestkyst overvejer de nordostlige Vindes mellem
Spidsbergens Sydkap og Boeren Eiland. Vestenfor
Nordkap maa derfor den nordgaaende Strøm skride hen over
den barometriske Indsænknings Omraade. En saa stor
Hastighed af Strømmen ved Nordkap, som det trange Rum
mellem Lufttrykkets Minimum i Vest for Nordkap (755.3 mm,
Pl. XXXI) og Norges Kyst vilde medføre, bekræftes ikke
af Iagttagelserne. Jeg lader derfor Strømsystemets Axe
gaa langs Linien A B (PI. XXXIII). Paa den sydøstre
Side af denne Linie løber Strømmen nordover, paa den
nordvestre Side sydover.
coasts the motion of the sea must inevitably bo influenced
by their fonn and direction. Only where the coast has
the same direction as the wind, will the motion of the sea
be able to follow the direction of the latter. On the
other hand, where the wind forms an angle with the coast, the
current must needs follow the latter, and will take a motion
deviating in direction from that of the wind. The rate
acquired by the current will be no less dependant on the
winds that blow behind and in front than on those at the
place itself, as also on the form of the coast and the
sea-bottom and their relative direction to the operating winds. Now,
to find by exact computation the current-system corresponding
to the wind-system set forth in the map, Pl. XXXI, lies no
doubt at present beyond the limits of possibility. Hence
I have sought to construct it by estimate, from the given
data and the principles I shall explain in the sequel.
From the Wind-Chart, Pl. XXXI, we see that the
winds in the Atlantic Ocean force the water partly up
against the south coast of Iceland, and thence along the
western coast of that island, as also, between Iceland and
Scotland, into the Norwegian Sea.
Between the barometrical depression extending from
the tract east of Iceland, past the North Cape into the
Barents Sea, and the West Coast of Norway, the winds
force the water farther north, and into the southern
part of the Barents Sea. Here it follows the coasts of
Finmark, Russia, and Novaja Semlja, impelled onward by
the prevailing winds. In the northern part of the Barents
Sea the prevailing winds are easterly. They carry by
degrees part of the Atlantic water towards Boeren Eiland
and Spitsbergen. In the Greenland Sea, on the
northwestern side of the minimum-zone of atmospheric pressure,
north-easterly and northerly winds are found to prevail,
which carry the water farther west and — off Greenland
from the inner Polar Sea - towards the south, along the
cast coast of Greenland and past Jan-Mayen to Denmark
Strait and the east coast of Iceland. Hence, in the North
Ocean, the cyclonic wind-system must give rise to a
corresponding current-system.
The barometrical minimum’s elongated zone lies
throughout its northern part very excentric in the sea. A
corresponding excentric position of the medial part of the
current-system in proximity to northern Norway cannot be assumed.
The extension and force of the south-westerly winds blowing
off the West Coast of Norway preponderate over that of
the north-easterly winds blowing between South Cape,
Spitz-bergen, and Beeren Eiland. Hence, west of the North
Cape, the current setting northwards must flow over the
limits of the barometrical depression. A velocity of current
at the North Cape as high as that which the narrow space
between the minimum of atmospheric pressure west of the
North Cape (755.3 mm., Pl. XXXI) and the coast of
Norway would occasion, is not shown by the observations.
Accordingly, I have drawn the axis of the current-system
congruent with the line A B (Pl. XXXIII). On the
southeastern side of this line, the current sets northwards; on
II the north-western, southwards.
Dun norske Nordliavsoxpedition. H. Mohn: Nordhavets Dybder, Temperatur og Stroniningor. 1(>
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