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120
mnd Overfladen, mod Dybet, mod (lst og mod Vest. I
Grønlandshavets ()verflade er (ler först, ligesom i det forrige
Tvers],it, en rask Aftagen der, hvor Sommeren har smeltet
Vinterens [s. derpaa en langsom Aftagen henimod
Grønlands Kyst der. hvor Drivisen ligger. Dette Forhold
fremgaar af den tyske Nordfarts Iagttagelser. Man ser det
ogsaa paa Overfladekartet. Pl. XXXIV.
Tversnit XXII. Pl. XXXVIII, fra Grønlandshavet
til Spidsborgens Sydkap. viser Maximum af speeitisk Viegt,
over 1.021)5. i e. Kiil Favnes Dyb ved Skraaningen af
Spidsbergbanken. Den speciliske Vægt aftager langsomt
med Dybet, men raskt mod Overfladen under Spidsborgen
og i Grønlandshavet.
Tversnit XXIII, udenfor Isfjorden paa Spidsbergen,
viser ganske lignende Forhold, ligesaa Tversnit XXV paa
dell «0. Breddegrad. Oinraadet for Linien for 1.020S
el-mere og mere indskra-nket.
Ligesom Temperaturens Maxima i Tversnittene
antydede Strømningernes Vej. saaledes ogsaa de beskrevne
Maxima af speeitisk Vægt. Den hojere Temperatur øg
den større Saltholdighed følges ad. fra Atlanterhavet til
Spidsbergen.
Snittet XXVIII, PI. XXXVIII, er et Længdesnit
langs Greenwich s Meridian. Det salteste Vand, 1.0270,
lægger sig fra Shetland ned over Skraaningen i det norske
Havs Dyb. I nder OS" til Ofl» Bredde kommer mindre
saltholdigt Vand frem over Bunden. I 70» til 71» Brodde
sanikel- saltere Vand sig ned mod Bunden. Under 74»
Bredde er saltfattigere Vand gjennem hele Dybet, Hilder
70« til 77« igjen saltrigere. I Pl. XIV. Snit XXVIII,
gjenfinde]- man analoge Forhold i Temperaturens Fordeling.
Det her beskrevne System af de speeifiske Vægters
Fordeling i vort Nordhav grunder sig hovedsagelig paa
vore Observationer af samme fra Overfladen og fra Bunden.
Fra intermediære Dybder er desværre Iagttagelsernes
Antal forholdsvis lidet. Deres Betydning for Studiet af
Havstrømmene stod mig dengang, da Expeditionen arbejdede i
Søen, ikke saa klart som nu, og den anvendte Vandhentcr
var noget besværlig at bruge, hvad del- bevirkede, at den
sjeldnere anvendtes paa intermediære Dyb. Imidlertid vil
man se af Snittene, hvor de benyttede Værdier af den
speeifiske Vægt ere paaskrcvne. at det i do fleste Tilfælder
har været muligt at trække Linierne efter virkelige
Iagttagelser. Hvor disse have slaaet fejl. giver Temperaturens
Fordeling Fingerpeg, og saaledes tor den Fremstilling, jeg
har kunnet give af dell speeifiske Vægts Fordeling i vort
Nordhav, som et føl-sti- Forsøg betragtet, viere af Interesse
og brugbar til derpaa at grunde videre Beregninger.
little øver 1.02053. The specific gravity diminishes towards
the surface, towards the deep, towards the east, and towards
west. Along the surface of the Greenland Sea. occurs
first, as iu the previous transverse section, a rapid
diminution where the heat of summer has melted the ice of
winter; then a slow decrease towards the coast ol’
Greenland. across the tract covered with drift-ice. This fact is
proved by the observations of the German Arctic
Expedition. It appears likewise from the Surface-Map. PI.
XXXIV.
Transverse Section XXII. Pl. XXXVIII, from the
Greenland Sea to South Cape Spitzbergen, exhibits the
maximum of specific gravity, upwards of 1.0205. at a depth
of about 400 fathoms, on the declivity of the Spitzbergen
Bank. The specific gravity diminishes slowly towards
tin-deep but rapidly towards the surface oft’ the coast of
Spitzbergen and in the Greenland Sea.
Transverse section XXIII, off lee Sound
Spitzbergen, exhibits precisely similar conditions. Likewise
transverse section XXV. on the 80th parallel ol’ latitude.
The area within the line for 1.(1205 becomes more and
more confined.
Precisely as the maxima of temperature in the
transverse sections indicated the direction ol’ tin- currents, so
it is with the above-described maxima of specific gravity.
The higher temperature and the greater amount of salt
are found to correspond with each other from the Atlantic
Ocean to Spitzbergen.
Section XXVIII. Pi. XXXVIII, is a longitudinal
section, stretching along the meridian ol’ Greenwich.
The saltest water, 1,0270. descends from Shetland down
the declivity into the deep of the Norwegian Sea. From
the 08th to the 09th parallel of latitude, water with a less
proportion of salt extends over the bottom. Between tile
70th to the 71st parallels of latitude, salter water sinks
towards the bottom. On the 74th parallel of latitude,
water with a less amount of salt is found to extend
throughout the whole deep, and again from the 70th to the
77th Salter water. In Pl. XIV, section XXVIII,
analogous conditions occur in the distribution of temperature.
The system described above for the distribution of
specific gravity in the North Ocean is based chiefly on our
observations of samples from the surface and from the bottom.
From intermediate depths, the number of observations is.
I am sorry to say, comparatively small. The importance
of such for the study of ocean-currents, was not so clear
to Ille at the time the Expedition continued working in
the sea; and moreover the water-bottle in use proved
somewhat heavy, a circumstance that led to its being
comparatively seldom employed for intermediate depths.
Meanwhile, it will appear from the sections, on which the
applied values of specific gravity are inscribed, that, in the
majority of cases, the lines have admitted of being drawn
from actual observations. Where such failed, the
distribution of the temperature gave the required hints; and
thus the statement I have given of the distribution of
specific gravity in the North Ocean will’ prove, as a first
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