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seem to have come to the Scandinavian countries at the same time
as the antiquities that indicate the earliest influence of Roman
culture. The runic characters are only found in short inscriptions,
of which the language has proved to be a Germanic dialect.
Both cremation and burial without cremation are found
throughout the iron age. Generally a barrow was raised over the dead.
One peculiar method of burial, only met with in the later iron
age, is the laying of the body, either burnt or unburnt, in a boat
or ship, covered with a round, or oval barrow. Remains of
grave-ships [[** sjk bindestrek]] of this kind have been found in various barrows in Norway,
and in two cases, the barrows have been made of potter’s clay, in
which the wood has been so well preserved, that the ship is
almost unimpaired (the ships from Tune and Gokstad, in the Museum
of antiquities in the Kristiania University).
The largest collections of antiquities are in Kristiania, Bergen
and Trondhjem.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Antiquités norvégiennes arrangées et décrites par O. Rygh. P. 1—2.
Kristiania. 1885.
O. Rygh. Om Helleristninger i Norge. Kristiania. 1873.
« Om den ældre Jernalder i Norge. Kjøbenhavn. 1869.
« Om den yngre Jernalder i Norge. I. Kjøbenhavn. 1877.
A. Lorange. Om Spor af romersk Kultur i Norges ældre Jernalder.
Kristiania. 1873.
« Den yngre Jernalders Sværd. (Résumé in French.) Bergen. 1889.
J. Undset. Jernalderens Begyndelse i Nord-Europa. Kristiania. 1881.
« Fra Norges ældre Jernalder. Kjøbenhavn. 1880.
N. Nicolaysen. Langskibet fra Gokstad ved Sandefjord. Kristiania. 1882. (In
English and Norwegian.)
O. Montelius. Les temps préhistoriques en Suède et dans les autres pays
scandinaves. Paris. 1895.
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