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HISTORY
Norway, whose name in its ancient language was Norvegr or
Noregr, was once of somewhat larger extent than it is at
present. The Swedish provinces, Jemtland, Herjedalen and
Baahuslen were Norwegian until the middle of the 17th century.
Finmark was originally a Norwegian tributary land, reaching to the
White Sea, and also including the Kola Peninsula. By immigration
from Russia, it early became partially dependent upon the rulers
of that country; and the consequence of this was a contraction of
its boundaries towards the NE.
Norway was inhabited long before all tradition and all history.
The probability is that its colonisation was effected by the
progenitors of the Norwegian people, who were established there at
the opening of the historic period. According to the old tradition,
the country was divided among a number of mutually independent
tribes, under chieftains who directed the worship of gods, and took
the chief command in war. In all the tribes, the people’s liberty
was carried to the furthest extent. The free men settled their
legal disputes, and passed laws. Outside the community and
the laws stood the unfree men, the thralls. The religious
conception was the same as that which prevailed in Germanic
heathendom.
The earliest organised political community must have originated
in the regions round the Trondhjem Fjord, where the Trønder
tribes had early united in a peasant community consisting of 8
small shires (fylker) each of which settled its own affairs at its
own Thing; but they were also united in wrider associations, with
a common worship and administration of justice.
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