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- Social Conditions, by H. E. Berner
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SOCIAL CONDITIONS
Among civilised states, there is scarcely any that is so fortunate
with regard to the equality of its social conditions as
Norway. There is no nobility with political or economic privileges,
no large estates, no capitalist class. The cultivable land is divided
among a number of small freeholders, who constitute the most
numerous class of society and its sound nucleus. To make a
livelihood in that rude climate and on that weather-beaten coast,
calls for energy and endurance, and accustoms the worker to
self-restraint. [[** sjk bindestrek]]
It may also be said that an evenly distributed prosperity is
proved by the number of depositors in the savings-banks established
in nearly every community. There is an average of 1 savings-bank
to every 5600 inhabitants, and 1 depositor in every 2.8 inhabitants,
with 119 kroner to every inhabitant. With regard to the deposits
in other banks cf. the special article «Banking».
The highest and lowest strata of society are on the whole no
farther removed from one another than that there is constant
reciprocal action between them, and transition from the one to
the other. The primary school, which is obligatory, is the common
basis whence the higher educational institutions organically rise to
impart the knowledge required by the various positions, and to
insure to all that popular education which contributes so largely
to raise individual self-esteem, and give to our democracy, with its
universal suffrage, the feeling of security in living under the badge
of liberty, equality and fraternity.
The shifting of the strata which the economic development
of the century causes everywhere in the social structure, has
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