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flourishing period enjoyed by these branches of trade in the second
half of the 18th century, Norway once more regained an
independent economic existence.
The aggregate foreign commerce of Norway is estimated at
kr. 430,000,000 for the year 1898, the value of the imported goods
having been kr. 280,000,000 and of those exported, kr. 159,000,000,
of which amount kr. 151,000,000 are represented by Norwegian
products and kr. 8,000,000 by foreign products re-exported. In
the year 1897, the aggregate value of the foreign commerce
amounted to kr. 431,000,000, and in 1896 to kr. 388,000,000.
Compared with the population of the country, this is rather
considerable, being (in 1897) kr. 205 per inhabitant. The foreign
commerce of France in the same year amounted to kr. 187 per
inhabitant, that of Sweden to kr. 154 and that of Germany to kr. 149
per inhabitant. Denmark, on the other hand, has a considerably
larger commerce per inhabitant, namely, kr. 324, and Great Britain
and Ireland, kr. 341. Still larger is the commerce per inhabitant
in Switzerland, Belgium and especially Holland. For Europe
as a whole, the ratio per inhabitant is kr. 138 (without Russia
kr. 182).
While our foreign commerce, relatively speaking, is about the
same as the average of the Western European countries, the
Norwegian mercantile marine occupies a peculiar position, inasmuch
as there are only three countries in the world which, taken
absoluteiy, have a greater tonnage than Norway, namely Great Britain
and Ireland, Germany, and the United States of America.
Relatively to the population of the country, the Norwegian mercantile
marine unquestionably holds the first place. At the beginning of
1899, Norway had 1,068 steamships with a total net tonnage of
437,570 register tons, and 5,981 sailing-vessels, with a total tonnage
of 1,120,808 register tons. The total estimated carrying power was
2,696,000 tons, each steamship ton being estimated the equivalent
of 3.6 tons of a sailing-vessel. For the sake of comparison with
some of the most important of other countries, we here subjoin
the following table of the tonnage of steamships and
sailing-vessels of more than 50 tons burden, on Jan. 1st, 1898 (river and
lake vessels not included):
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