southern districts and the hazel-grouse in the east and south. Of extreme-arctic birds we may men- tion the king eider, svalbard auk, and the little auk. They visit the coasts of northern Norway in winter, and may thus be termed migratory. The guillemot, puffin, northern diver, and many other kinds of duck, which spend the summer in: the northern parts of Norway or in high-mountain tracts, are driven with the coming of winter to the coast or southward. The common kinds of geese, ducks, waders, birds of prey, sparrows, song-birds and pigeons spend the summer in Norway and migrate southward in the winter, some of them as far as Africa. As regards ocean and other aquatic fauna, that obtaining in the north of Norway is arctic in character. The harp, ringed, and bearded seals, the arctic delphin, and the begula frequently visit the northern coast. Great shoals of cod approach the coast of Finmark, and various bullheads and the polar cod are also found there. In the rivers and lakes in Finmark there is, in addition to salmon and trout, the red char (Salmo alpinus), which is typical of arctic fresh-water fauna. But even as far north as the coast of Finmark we find in deeper water an animal life of a more southern type. The whole of the plateau along the Norwe- gian coast down to a depth of 500 metres is inhabited by this more southern animal world, among the characteristic members of which we 19