A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 49 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Part I - Inflection of Words - IV. The Verb - Auxiliary Verbs

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Most of the regular verbs have o in the first syllable of the
Sup.; only those which have n after the vowel, receive u; also

        drekk, drakk, drukkit

because kk stands here for nk or ngk (38).

154. The second class is very regular. But the Verbs in
-ig have in the Imperfect not only -eig, but also the 2^nd form
of the 2^nd Class in e, with a dropped g, as:

stig	stíga	steig	stigum	stigi	stigit
		stè	(stèum	stèi)

Likewise: vik, vikja, veik or vèk (Paradism. S. 218).

155. The third class is also very regular; only a few have
ö in the Imperfect; occasioned by a double Consonant following
it, which is pronounced hard. Some in -ng take in the first
syllable of the Sup. after a vowel u. These ought to be added
to those which take ö in the Imperfect; but the extension of
all vowels before -ng (34) is the reason that they generally
take -aw, as:

sökk	sökkva	sökk	sukkum	sykki	sokkit,	to sink
stökk	stökkva	stökk	stukkum	stykki	stokkit,	to leap.
hrökk	hrökkva	hrökk	hrukkum	hrykki	hrokkit,	to move quickly
sýng	sýngja	saung	súngum	sýngi	súngit,	to sing.
syng	syngva	söng	sungum	syngi	sungit,

Thus also slýng, slaung (Helgakv. Hundb. I. V. 33);
slungit, and þrýng, þraung, þrúngit, which are however
antiquated poetical words.


Auxiliary Verbs.

156. These auxiliary verbs are used to supply the wanting
tenses by periphrase; they are very simple in the Old Norsk,
and were less frequently in use than in the Danish, otherwise
they are about the same.

        Future periphr. man (mun) and skal;

        Future preterite. munda, skylda;

        Perfect. hefi, em (er);

        Pluperfect. hafða, var,

f. i. with the auxiliary verbs em and verð.

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