PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY
A Study in the Care of Souls
BY
GÖTE BERGSTEN
Superintendent and Chaplain of St. Lukasstiftelsens
(St. Luke’s Foundation)
Institute for Psychology and Spiritual
Counsel, Stockholm
LONDON : GEORGE ALLEN AND UNWIN LTD
NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1951
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention.
No portion may be reproduced by any process without
written permission. Inquiries should be addressed
to the publishers.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
in 11 point Baskerville
BY PURNELL AND SONS LTD
PAULTON (SOMERSET) AND LONDON
Preface to the electronic edition
This book from 1951 has been digitized in March 2023 by the
Internet Archive, from where the scanned images in May 2025 were
copied to Project Runeberg. We have white-balanced the page images.
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The above contents can be inspected in scanned images:
pretitle, title page, verso of title leaf, 7, 8, 9, 10, 228
Korrstapel / Proof bar for this volume
Table of Contents
Title and contents -
pretitle,
title page,
verso of title leaf,
7,
8,
9,
10,
228
Foreword -
5,
6
Part 1. The Responsibilities and Limitations of the Task -
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33,
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63,
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70
1. Principles and Methods -
13,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
Primitive Christianity -
14
The Early Church -
15,
16
The Roman Catholic Church -
16,
17,
18,
19
The Reformation -
19,
20,
21
Post-Reformation Developments -
21,
22
The Present Time -
22,
23,
24,
25,
26
2. Psychology and the Care of Souls -
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32,
33
Psychology and Confession -
29,
30
The Spiritual and Psychological Aspects of the Care of Souls -
30,
31
The Object of the Care of Souls -
32,
33
3. From Medicina Clerica to Pastoral Psychology -
34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40
Pastoral Medicine -
35,
36
Psycho-therapy and the Christian Care of Souls -
36,
37,
38
Pastoral Psychology -
38,
39,
40
4. Methods of Treatment -
41,
42,
43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
Three Characteristics of the Care of Souls -
42,
43
Principal Methods of Spiritual Treatment -
44,
45
Steps to be Taken in the Care of Souls -
45,
46,
47,
48,
49
5. The Care of Souls and the Unconscious -
50,
51,
52,
53,
54,
55,
56,
57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62,
63
The Problem of the Unconscious -
51,
52
The Psychic Present and Psychic Potentiality -
52,
53
Supression and the Unconcious -
53,
54
Contact with the Unconscious -
54,
55
Free Association -
55,
56
Word Associations -
56,
57
Tables of Irritant Words -
57,
58
The Interpretation of Dreams -
59,
60
The Dream as a Mystery Play -
60,
61,
62
Relaxation -
62,
63
6. Pastoral Advice -
64,
65,
66,
67,
68,
69,
70
The Primary Religious Problems -
64,
65
Secondary Religious Problems -
65
Religiously Disguised Problems -
66
The Diseased Person's Problems -
66,
67
Practical Problems of Life -
67
Some Rules for Advisers -
67,
68,
69,
70
Part 2. Concerning Confession -
71,
72,
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79,
80,
81,
82,
83,
84,
85,
86,
87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94,
95,
96,
97,
98,
99,
100,
101,
102
1. Christian Confession -
73,
74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79
A Psychologist's Opinion -
73,
74
Confession and Self-disclosure -
74,
75
To Whom shall Confession be Made? -
75,
76,
77
Confession and Absolution -
77,
78
The Privilege of Confession -
78,
79
2. True Confession -
80,
81,
82,
83,
84
The Formal Aspect of Confession -
80,
81,
82
The Content of Confession -
82,
83
Regular Confession -
83,
84
3. Confession and Penance -
85,
86,
87,
88
The Groups of Penances -
86,
87
Penance and Release -
87,
88
4. Evangelical Casuistry -
89,
90,
91,
92,
93,
94
Casuistry Gone Astray -
89,
90
Sin and Symptoms -
90,
91,
92,
93
The Task of Evangelical Casuistry -
93,
94
5. Confession and Scrupulosity -
95,
96,
97,
98,
99
What is Scrupulosity? -
95,
96
Religious Signs of Scrupulosity -
96,
97
Treatment -
97,
98,
99
6. The Dangers of Confession -
100,
101,
102
Part 3. The Psychology of Unbelief -
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108,
109,
110,
111,
112,
113,
114,
115,
116,
117,
118,
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
125,
126,
127,
128,
129,
130,
131
1. The Source of Religious Need -
105,
106,
107,
108,
109
Is There a Religious Instinct? -
105,
106
Religious Disposition -
106,
107
Innate Religious Sensitivity -
107
Interests and Sentiments -
107,
108
Antagonistic Tendencies -
109
2. Popular Belief and Unbelief -
110,
111,
112,
113
The Emancipation of Personality -
110,
111
Unbelief and Freethinking in Christendom -
111,
112,
113
Unbelief is Not a Primary Product of Culture -
113
3. Unbelief in the Individual -
114,
115,
116,
117,
118
Unbelief and Its Principal Forms -
114,
115
The History of Unbelief in Individuals -
115,
116
The Purpose of Unbelief -
116,
117,
118
Free Thought and Neurotic Symptoms -
118
4. Doubt and Religious Development -
119,
120,
121,
122,
123,
124,
125
Religious Development -
119,
120
Wonder and Doubt -
120,
121
Phases of Development -
121,
122,
123
Doubt and Psycho-physical Disturbances -
123,
124
Complex-grounded Doubts -
124,
125
5. Religion and Self-Deception -
126,
127,
128,
129,
130,
131
Opinions and the Intellect -
126,
127
Intellectual Dishonesty -
127,
128
Wishful Thinking -
128
Intellectual Pitfalls -
128,
129,
130,
131
Part 4. Guilt and the Fear of Punishment -
133,
134,
135,
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142,
143,
144,
145,
146,
147,
148,
149,
150,
151,
152,
153,
154
1. Morality and Fear of Punishment -
135,
136,
137,
138,
139,
140,
141,
142
The Bi-polarity of Moral Attitude -
135,
136
Is Morality a Disease? -
136,
137
Religion and Fear -
137,
138
Social and Religious Morality -
138,
139,
140
Christianity and Forgiveness -
140,
141,
142
2. Disguises of the Fear of Punishment -
143,
144,
145,
146,
147
Fear of Punishment and Repression -
143,
144,
145
Fear of Punishment Disguised as Religious Guilt -
145,
146
Disturbances in the Sexual Life -
146,
147
3. The Real Guilt Feeling -
148,
149,
150,
151,
152,
153,
154
Guilt and Self-preoccupation -
149,
150
An Experience of Real Guilt -
150,
151
Guilt as an Absolute Phenomenon -
151,
152,
153
Remorse and Guilt Feeling -
153,
154
Part 5. Symptomatic Religiosity in Neurosis and Insanity -
155,
156,
157,
158,
159,
160,
161,
162,
163,
164,
165,
166,
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172,
173,
174,
175,
176,
177,
178,
179,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184,
185,
186,
187,
188,
189,
190,
191,
192,
193,
194,
195,
196
1. Who Is Normal? -
157,
158,
159,
160,
161
Reactions to Normality -
157,
158
Judgment of Normality -
158,
159
Talent and Genius -
159,
160
Religious Concepts of Normality -
160,
161
2. Symptomatic Religiosity -
162,
163,
164,
165,
166
Abnormal Psychic States -
162,
163
Pathological Religiosity -
163
Characterological Deformities and Personality Defects -
164
Compulsive Systematisation -
165,
166
Symptomatic Religiosity and Treatment -
166
3. The Mentally Diseased -
167,
168,
169,
170,
171,
172
Classification of Mental Diseases -
167,
168,
169
Religious Compulsions and Ideas of Sin -
169,
170,
171
Compulsive Ideas and Delusions -
171,
172
4. The Religious Element in Mental Disease -
173,
174,
175,
176,
177,
178
Experience and Interpretation -
174,
175
The Causes of Mental Disease -
175,
176
Religious Epidemics and Contagion -
176,
177,
178
5. The Spiritual Care of the Insane -
179,
180,
181,
182,
183,
184,
185,
186,
187,
188
The Mentally Ill and their Relatives -
179,
180,
181
The Risks of Premature Discharge -
181,
182
Pastoral Counsel among the Mentally Ill -
182,
183
The Question of Religious Neutrality -
183,
184,
185
Spiritual Influence and Religious Propaganda -
185,
186,
187
Counsellor and Patient -
187,
188
6. The Religious Depression -
189,
190,
191,
192
7. Asceticism and Spiritual Training -
193,
194,
195,
196
The Psycho-pathology of Asceticism -
193,
194
Negative and Positive Asceticism -
194,
195,
196
Part 6. The Psychology of Conversion and Growth in Grace -
197,
198,
199,
200,
201,
202,
203,
204,
205,
206,
207,
208,
209,
210,
211,
212,
213,
214,
215,
216,
217,
218,
219,
220,
221,
222,
223,
224
1. Conversion and Growth in Grace -
199,
200,
201,
202,
203,
204,
205,
206,
207,
208,
209
The Order of Grace -
202,
203
The Mystical Conversion -
203,
204,
205
The Risks of Schematising -
205,
206,
207
The States of Grace -
207,
208,
209
2. The Problem of Sublimation -
210,
211,
212,
213,
214
What Does Sublimation Mean? -
210,
211,
212
Sublimation and the Care of Souls -
212,
213,
214
3. Faith or Suggestion? -
215,
216,
217,
218
Healing Through Faith -
217,
218
4. Man at the Frontier -
219,
220,
221,
222,
223,
224
How Are These Contradictions To Be Resolved? -
221,
222
Within the Sluice Gates -
222,
223,
224
Index -
225,
226,
227
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