Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - I. General and Physico-chemical - IV. Enzymes
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
ENZYMES. 69
the rennin again in an active form, from the combination of the rennin
with anti-rennin obtained by immunization by treatment with hydro-
chloric acid and then neutralizing.
Recently a third manner of considering the toxin-antitoxin reaction
has been presented which is based on the fact that the reaction takes
place in a heterogeneous system. According to this the reaction is con-
sidered as an adsorption process, and in support of this assumption, sev-
eral examples can be given where finely divided solids or colloid sub-
stances take up toxins or enzymes, in an irreversible manner (Nernst,1
Biltz,2 Landsteiner 3
).
In reference to the formed antigens we must call attention to the fol-
lowing :
If certain cells, for example, bacteria, blood-corpuscles, and sperma-
tozoa are injected into animals, then anti-bodies are formed which have
been called immune bodies (also amboceptors or sensibilizators) . By
themselves the immune bodies are inactive, but form with complements,
substances occurring in normal serum, so-called cytotoxins, which destroy
the kind of cells active in their formation. These cytotoxins are called
bacteriolysins, hemolysins, etc., according to the kind of cells used.
The immune bodies are specific in that they together with the com-
plement only attack those cells from which they are formed and
they are also stable against heat; the complements can act together
with different immune bodies and are very unstable, as they are gen-
erally destroyed by heating to 56° C. for one-half hour. Other anti-
bodies, produced under the influence of injected cells, show their action
by flocking together and agglutinating the cells set free in their forma-
tion. These anti-bodies are called agglutinins.
In regard to the immune bodies, Ehrlich believes that they com-
bine with those cells under whose influence they have been formed
and also with the complements. They serve to fasten (amboceptors)
the complement, which produces the real poisonous action, to the cells.
The immune bodies correspond therefore to the haptophore groups of
the toxins and the complements of the toxophores. According to
Bordet the immune bodies act upon the cells in the way that the latter
are sensitive toward the complements (sensibilizators).
If a certain immune serum is heated to 56° then, according to what
has been given, the complement is destroyed and the serum now con-
tains only the amboceptor of the original cyto-toxin and this amboceptor
can be made active again by the addition of normal serum (complement).
» Zeitschr. f. Elektrochem., 10, 379 (1904).
2
Ber. d. d. Chem. Gesellsch., 37, 3147 (1904); Beitr. z. exp. Therapie, 1, 30 (1905).
3
Zeitschr. f. Chem. u. Ind. d. Koll., 3, 221 (1907); Bioch. Zeitschr., 15, 33 (1908).
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
