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BLOOD SERUM. 207
carried down by the euglobulin, while the others are carried down by
the pseudoglobulin fraction.
The non-protein organic constituents of the serum have been given
especial and careful study by E. Letsche l
and he has found, besides the
previously known bodies, that the serum contains several acids, among
which there are twr
o nitrogeneous acids whose nature has not been studied.
These, including other nitrogenous substances found by him, represent
a part of the so-called rest nitrogen, i.e., that nitrogen which remains in
the serum after the complete removal of the coagulable proteins. As
representatives of the bodies occurring as rest nitrogen in the serum we
must in the first place mention area, also creatine, carbarriic acid, ammonia,
hippuric acid, phosphocarnic acid (Panella), traces of indol (Hervieux),
perhaps also uric acid found by Abeles 2
in human blood, while Letsche
could not find any in horse-blood.
According to Browtnski proteic acids (see Chapter XIV) occur in
the serum and Czernecki 3 has investigated the quantity of proteic
acid nitrogen in serum and transudates under different conditions. The
occurrence of proteoses is, as above mentioned, somewhat disputed.
We have several investigations on the occurrence of amino-acids (v.
Bergmann, Howell, Letsche, Abderhalden and others) which make
the occurrence of these very probable, and recently Bingel has been able
to show the presence of glycocoll in normal ox-blood. Otherwise the
amino-acids have often been sought for in normal blood but in vain;
still recently certain investigators like van Slyke and Meyer 4
have
showr
n the presence of amino-acids in the blood under normal con-
ditions. In dog blood after 24 hours’ starvation they found 3-5 milli-
grams of amino-acid nitrogen in 100 parts blood. Under pathological
conditions lysine (Neuberg and Richter 5
), leucine and tyrosine have
been found. Also purine bases and bile acids have been found in the
serum under pathological conditions. That the quantity of rest nitro-
gen is larger during digestion than in starvation requires further con-
firmation.6
1
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 53.
2
Panella, cited in Virehow’s Jahresb., 1902, 150, Hervieux Compt. Rend. soc.
biol., 56; Abeles, Wien. med. Jahrb., 1887.
3
Browinski, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 54 and 58; Czernecki, Mary’s Jahresb.,
39 and 40.
4
v. Bergmann, Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 6; Howell, Amer. Journ. of Physiol., 17;
Letsche, 1. c; Abderhalden, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 72; Bingel, ibid., 57; D.
v. Slyke and Meyer, Journ. of biol. Chem., 12.
5
Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1904.
6
v. Bergmann and Langstein, Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 6; Hohlweg and Meyer,
ibid., 11.
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