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268 THE BLOOD.
As rest-carbon. Mancini x
designates that carbon which is not precipitated
by phosphotungstic acid. It originates in great part from the urea and sugar
and amounts to 0.076-0.089 gram in 100 cc.
The pigments of the blood-serum are very little known. Besides
other pigments horse-serum contains, as first shown by Hammarsten,
bilirubin, which, according to Ranc, is the only pigment of the serum of
this animal. This pigment occurs, although in small amounts, sometimes
in the serum of other animals and, according to Biffi and Galli,2
is
especially abundant in the blood of new-born.
Urobilin is not, according to Auche, Roth and. Herzfeld, a physi-
ological serum-pigment. Urobilinogen may occur in extraordinary
cases according to Hildebrandt,3 and on allowing the blood in such
cases to stand urobilin may be formed therefrom. The yellow coloring-
matter of the serum seems to belong to the group of luteins, which
are often called lipochromes or fat-coloring matters. From ox-serum
Krukenberg 4 was able to isolate with amyl alcohol a so-called lipo-
chrome whose solution shows two absorption-bands, of which one encloses
the line F and the other lies between F and G.
The mineral bodies in serum and plasma are qualitatively, but not
quantitatively, the same. A part of the calcium, magnesium, and
phosphoric acid is removed on the coagulation of the fibrin. By means
of dialysis, the presence of sodium chloride, which forms the chief mass
or 60-70 per cent of the total mineral bodies, lime-salts, sodium car-
bonate, and traces of sulphuric and phosphoric acids and of potassium,
may be directly shown in the serum.5
Traces of silicic acid, fluorine,
copper, iron, and manganese, are claimed to have been found in the serum.
As in most animal fluids, the chlorine and sodium are in the blood-
serum in excess of the phosphoric acid and potassium (the occurrence
of which in the serum is even doubted). The acids present in the ash
are not sufficient to saturate the bases found, a condition which shows
that a part of the bases is combined with organic substances, perhaps
proteins. This also coincides with the fact that the great part of
the alkalies does not exist in the serum as diffusible alkali compounds,
carbonate and phosphate, but as non-diffusible compounds, protein
combinations. According to Hamburger 37 per cent of the alkali of
the serum from horse-blood was diffusible and 63 per cent non-diffusible.
1
Bioch. Zeitschr., 26 and 32.
2
Hammarsten, see Maly’s Jahresb., 8 (1878); Ranc, Compt. Rend. soc. biol., 62;
Biffi and Galli, Journ. de Physiol, et Path., 9 (1907).
’ Auch6, Compt. Rend. soc. biol., 67; Roth and Herzfeld, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr.,
37; Hildebrandt, Munch. Med. Wochenschr., 57.
* Sitz.-Ber. d. Jen. Gesellsch. f. Med., 1885.
6
See Giirber, Verhandl. d. phys.-med. Gesellsch. zu Wurzburg, 23.
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