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H/EMTN. 293
prepared a haemin free from chlorine, from pure crystalline oxy-
hemoglobin.
Ha>min crystals form, in large masses, a bluish-black powder, but are
so small that they can be seen only by aid of the microscope. They
consist of dark-brown or nearly brownish-black long, rhombic, or spool-
like crystals, isolated or grouped as crosses, rosettes, or stellar forms.
Cubical crystals may also occur, according to Cloetta. They are
insoluble in water, dilute acids at the normal temperature, alcohol, ether,
and chloroform. They are slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid with heat.
They dissolve in acidified alcohol, as also in dilute caustic alkalies or
carbonates; and in the last case they form, besides alkali chlorides,
soluble haematin alkali, from which the haematin may be precipitated by
an acid. As shown by Piloty and Eppinger and then also by v. Sie-
wert,1
crystalline haemin can be reobtained from the haematin.
On shaking with cold aniline and treating first with acetic acid and then
with ether, Kuster obtained a product, dehydrochloride haemin, which was
poor in the elements of hydrochloric acid, and which again took up HC1 and was
converted into haemin. By the action of boiling aniline, hydrogen is driven out
and a combination with aniline, without loss of iron, takes place.
The principle of the preparation of haemin crystals in large quan-
tities is as follows: The washed sediment from the blood-corpuscles
is coagulated with alcohol or by boiling after dilution with water and
the careful addition of acid. The strongly pressed but not dry mass
is rubbed with 90-95 per cent alcohol which has been previously treated
with oxalic acid or |-1 per cent concentrated sulphuric acid, and this
is allowed to stand several hours at the temperature of the room. The
filtrate is warmed to about 70° C, treated with hydrochloric acid (for
each liter of filtrate add 10 cc. 25 per cent hydrochloric acid diluted
with alcohol
—
Morner), and allowed to stand in the cold. The crystals,
which separate in one or two days, are first washed with alcohol and then
"with water. On dissolving the haemin in chloroform containing quinine
and treating the filtrate with alcoholic hydrochloric or acetic acid we can
recrystallize the haemin according to Schalfejefp. By adding glacial
acetic acid saturated with salt to a solution of haematin in chloroform
containing quinine Piloty and Eppinger obtained crystalline haemin.
For particulars as to the various methods of preparation and purification
we refer the reader to the above-cited works of Nencki and Sieber,
Morner, Nencki and Zaleski (ScHALFEjEFF),and especially to Kuster.2
Haematin is obtained on dissolving the haemin crystals in very dilute
caustic alkali and precipitating with an acid.
with Nencki and Zaleski, 1. c; Bialobrzeaki, Arch, des scienc. biol. de St. P6tersbourg-
5; K. Morner, Nord. Med. Arkiv. Festband, 1897, Nos. 1 and 26, and Zeitschr. f.
physiol. Chem., 41; Zaleski, ibid., 37; Hetper and Marchlewski, ibid., 41 and 42;
Kuster, ibid., 40 and 82 and footnote 1, page 292; Piettre and Vila, Compt. Rend., 141,
p. 734; Piloty, 1. c.
1
Piloty and Eppinger, 1. c; v. Siewert, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 58.
J
Kuster, Zeitschr., f . physiol. Chem., 40.
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