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294 THE BLOOD.
In preparing haemin crystals in small quantities proceed in the fol-
lowing manner: The blood is dried after the addition of a small quantity
of common salt, or the dried blood may be rubbed with a trace of the
same. The dry powder is placed on a microscope slide, moistened
with glacial acetic acid, and then covered with the cover-glass. Add,
by means of a glass rod, more glacial acetic acid by applying the drop
at the edge of the cover-glass until the space between the slide and the
cover-glass is full. Now warm over a very small flame, with the pre-
caution that the acetic acid does not boil and pass with the powder from
under the cover-glass. If no crystals appear after the first warming
and cooling, warm again, and if necessary add some more acetic acid.
After cooling, if the experiment has been properly performed, a number
of dark-brown or nearly black haemin crystals of varying forms will
be seen.
In regard to the preparation and properties of the iodine-, bromine-,
and acetone-haemin we refer to the work of Strzyzowski, Meruno-
wicz and Zaleski. 1
By the action of acids upon haemochromogen, haematin, or haemin, a
new iron-free pigment, which was first closely studied by Hoppe-Seyler
and called hcematoporphyrin, is produced. According to the method of
preparation, hsematoporphyrins having different solubilities, and whose
relation to each other is not perfectly clear, are produced, but all show
the same characteristic absorption-spectrum. The best-studied haema-
toporphyrin is the one obtained according to Nencki and Sieber’s
method, by the action of glacial acetic acid saturated with hydrobromic
acid upon haemin crystals, best at the temperature of the body (Nencki
and Zaleski). Another porphyrin is the mesoporphyrin obtained by
Nencki and Zaleski 2
by the reduction of haemin in glacial acetic acid
by hydriodic acid and iodophosphonium.
Haematoporphyrin, C34H38N4O6, which, according to recent molec-
ular weight determinations must perhaps be doubled (Piloty) occurs
according to Mac Munn 3
as a physiological pigment in certain animals.
A porphyrin occurs, as shown by Garrod and Saillet, as a normal con-
stituent in human urine, although only as traces and it has also been
observed several times in large amounts in the urine after the use of
sulphonal (see Chapter XIV). This urine porphyrin is generally con-
sidered as haematoporphyrin.
In the production of haematoporphyrin from haemin or haematin the iron is
split off. Opinions are not unanimous in regard to this process. According
1
Strzyzowski, Therap. Monatsh., 1901 and 1902; Merunowicz and Zaleski, Bull,
de 1’Acad. d. Scienc. de Cracovie, 1907.
2
Hoppe-Seyler, Med.-chem. Untersuch., 528; Nencki and Sieber, Monatshefte f.
Chem., 9, and Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 18, 20, and 24; Nencki and Zaleski,
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 30.
3
Piloty, Annal. d. Chem. u. Pharm., 388; MacMunn, Journ. of Physiol., 7.
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