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306 THE BLOOD.
From a histological standpoint we generally, as above indicated,
discriminate between the different kinds of colorless blood-corpuscles.
Chemically considered, however, there is no known essential difference
between them, and what little we do know chemically is chiefly in con-
nection with the leucocytes. With regard to their importance in the
coagulation of fibrin, Alex. Schmidt and his pupils distinguish between
the leucocytes which are destroyed in the coagulation and those which
are not. The last mentioned give with alkalies or common-salt solutions
a slimy mass; the first do not show such behavior.
The protoplasm of the leucocytes has, during life, amoeboid move-
ments which serve partly to make possible the wandering of the cells,
and partly ’to aid in the absorption of smaller grains or foreign bodies
and make the phagocytosis possible. The action of various agents
such as hyper- and hypotonic ’ salt solutions, of foreign ions, such as
iodine, bromine, and salts of the alkaline earths upon the chemotaxis
and the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes has been thoroughly
studied by Hamburger and de Haan,1
and among other things they have
shown that the Ca causes an accellerating influence upon phagocytosis
which is peculiar for Ca and does not depend upon its properties as a
divalent ion. Because of the contractibility of the leucocytes, the
occurrence of myosin in them has been admitted even without any
special proof therefore. We know nothing positively whether in the
leucocytes, or in the cells, in general, globulins occur with traces
of albumins, because cell constituents which used to be called globulins
have on more careful investigation been found to be nucleoalbumins
or nucleoproteins. The substance observed by Halliburton,2
and
occurring in all cells, which coagulates at 47 to 50° C, is considered as
a true globulin. Alex. Schmidt claims to have found serglobulin in
equine-blood leucocytes which have been washed with ice-cold water.
The proteins of the leucocytes as well as the cells in general are prin-
cipally compound proteins. For the present it is impossible to state to
what extent the nucleoalbumins occur in leucocytes or cells, because in the
past no careful differentiation was made between the nucleoalbumins
and nucleoproteins. The nucleoproteins are without any doubt the
principal constituents of the protoplasm of the white blood-corpuscles,
and one of these it seems is identical with the so-called hyaline substance
of Rovida, which yields a slimy mass when treated with alkalies or
NaCl solutions and which occur in pus-cells.
On digesting the leucocytes with water, a solution of a protein body
1
Bioch. Zeitschr., 24 and 20.
2
See Halliburton, On the chem. Physiol, of the animal cell. King’s College, London,
Physiol. Labor. Collected papers, 1893.
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