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LEUCOCYTE-. 307
ia obtained which ran be precipitated by acetic acid and which forms the
chief mass of the leucoeytes. This substance, which is undoubtedly
concerned in the coagulation of the blood, has been described under
different names, such as tissue fibrinogen (Wooldridge) cytoglobin and
prdglobulin (Alex. Schmidt) or nucleohistone (Kossel and Lilienfeld ’)
and consists, chiefly at least, of nucleoprotein. The ordinary view that
this is nucleohistone does not seem to be correct, according to the invest-
igations of Bang,2
and further proof is necessary.
Besides these constituents of the protoplasm of the leucocytes we
must also include lecithin and especially phosphatides, cholesterin, glu-
cotkiorHc acid (in pus-corpuscles, Mandel and Levene 3
), purine bodies
derived from the nuclein substances and glycogen. According to Hoppe-
Seyler glycogen is a constant constituent of all cells having amoeboid
movement, and he found it in the colorless blood-corpuscles but not in
the non-mobile pus-cells. Nevertheless glycogen has also been found
in pus-cells by Salomon 4
and by others. The glycogen found by
Huppert, Czerny, Dastre,5
and others in blood and lymph probably
originated from the leucocytes. Enzymes also occur in the leucocytes
and the proteolytic enzymes are of special importance. According to
Opie and Barker two proteolytic enzymes occur in the leucocytes,
one of which is active in alkaline solution and occurs in the polynuclear
cells while the other is active in acid solution and occurs in the large
mononuclear cells. According to Fiessinger and Marie, the leucocytes
contain a proteolytic enzyme which forms peptone, leucine and tyrosine
from protein and which is probably identical with the proteolytic enzyme
discovered earlier by Achalme in pus. It acts best in faintly alkaline
solution, but also in weak acid reaction, and is destroyed at 75-80° C.
It occurs in the polynuclear leucocytes but principally in those which have
a medullary origin, while it is absent in the leucocytes of the lymph series.
The lipase occurring in pus and in blood seems, according to the above
experimenters, to originate in the lymphocytes. Tschernoruzki 6
has
1
See Wooldridge, Die Gerinnung des Blutes (published by M. v. Frey, Leipzig, 1S91);
A. Schmidt, Zur Blutlehre, Leipzig, 1892; Lilienfeld, Zeitsehr. f. physiol. Chem., 18.
2
1. Bang, Studier over Xukleoproteider, Kristiania, 1902.
3
Bioehem. Zeitsehr., 4.
4
In regard to the literature on Cdycogen, see Chapter VII.
5
Huppert, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 6, 394; Czerny, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm.,
31; Dastre, Compt. Rend., 120, and Arch, de Physiol. (5), 7. See also Hirschberg,
Zeitsehr. f. klin. Med.. 64.
6
In regard to the enzymes see Erbcn, Jochmann and E. Midler, Jochmann and
Lockemann, Hofmeister*s Beitriige, 11, which contains the literature. Opie. Journ.
of exper. Medicine, 8; with Barker, ibid., 9; Fiessinger, and Marie, Journ. de physiol.
et de pathol. generate, 11, which also contains the literature and Compt. rend’ soc.
biol., 66, 6"; Tschernoruzki, Zeitsehr. f. physiol. Chem., 73.
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