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332 THE BLOOD.
external conditions. When it amounts to more than 3 p. m., according
to a statement of CI. Bernard,1
sugar appears in the urine and a gly-
cosuria occurs, a view that has not been substantiated. On the one
hand a glycosuria may occur at a lower sugar content in the blood and
on the other hand a glycosuria may be absent for a time with a higher
sugar content. An increase in the sugar content occurs, as first shown
by Bernard and subsequently proved by others, after drawing blood.
In this case not alone is the quantity of sugar increased but also the other
reducing substances. According to certain investigators the quantity
of these latter is especially increased (Henriques, N. Anderson, Lyttkens
andSANDGREN, Lepine and Boulud 2
).
Bernard 3 has shown that the quantity of sugar in the blood
diminishes more or less rapidly on leaving the veins. Lepine, associated
with Barral, has specially studied this decrease in the quantity of
sugar, and calls it glycolysis. Lepine and Barral, as well as Arthus,
have shown that this glycolysis takes place in the complete absence of
micro-organisms. It seems to be due to a soluble glycolytic enzyme whose
activity is destroyed by heating to 54° C. This enzyme is derived,
according to the above investigators, from the leucocytes and, accord-
ing to Arthus as well as to Doyon and Morel 4
it occurs only in the
serum but not in the plasma. According to Lepine,5
it has some con-
nection with the pancreas. The glycolysis is, according to Rohmann
and Spitzer and Sieber, an oxidation which is produced, according
to the two last-mentioned investigators, by an oxidation ferment. Accord-
ing to Rona and Doblin it takes place in an atmosphere of hydrogen,
which does not speak for the above view. The recent investigations of
Slosse, of Embden and collaborators Kraske, Kondo and K. v. Noorden 6
1
Bleile, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1879; Bernard, Lecons sur le diabete.
2
Henriques, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23, N. Anderson, Bioch. Zeitschr., 12;
Lyttkens and Sandgren, ibid., 26; Lepine and Boulud, Journ. de Physiol., 13.
8
Lecons sur le diabete, Paris, 1877.
4
Arthus, Arch, de Physiol. (5), 3; Doyon and Morel, Compt. rend soc. biol., 55.
5
In regard to the numerous memoirs of L6pine and Lepine and Barral, see Lyon
medical., 62 and 63 ; Compt Rend. 110, 112, 113, 120 and 139; Lepine, Le ferment
glycolytique et la pathog6nie du diabete (Paris, 1891), and Revue analytique et
critique des travaux, etc., in Arch, de m6d. exper. (Paris, 1892); Revue de m^decine
1895; Etat actuel de la question de la glycolyse, Semaine m^dicale, 1911; Arthus,
Arch, de Physiol (5), 3, 4; Nasse and Framm, Pfliiger’s Arch., 63, Paderi, Maly’s
Jahresber., 26; see also Cremer, Physiologie des Glykogens in Ergebnisse d. Physiol.,
1, Abt. 1.
• Rohmann and Spitzer, Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 28; Spitzer, Pfliiger’s Arch.,
60 and 67; Sieber, Zeitschr. f. physiol Chem., 39 and 44; Rona and Doblin, Bioch.
Zeitschr., 32; Slosse, Arch, internat. de Physiol., 11; Kraske, Kondo, and v. Noorden
Bioch. Zeitschr., 45.
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