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BLOOD IN DIFFERENT VASCULAR REGIONS. 335
perhaps only in the serum. The small traces of bile acids occurring in
normal blood, according to Ckoftan,1
are contained in the leucocytes.
The calcium occurs, with the exception perhaps of the blood cor-
puscles of the ox, only in the plasma and the same applies at least for
the principal part of the magnesium. The division of the alkali between
the blood-ccrpuscles and the plasma is very different, namely, the blood-
corpuscles of the pig, horse and rabbit contain no sodium, the human
corpuscles are richer in potassium and those of the ox, sheep, goat, dog
and cat are much richer in sodium than potassium. Chlorine occurs in
greater abundance in the serum of all animals than in the blood-corpuscles.
The iodine only occurs in serum, while iron regularly, almost without ex-
ception occurs in the form-elements, especially in the erythrocytes. As the
nucleoproteins contain iron, some iron occurs in the leucocytes and traces
of iron also occur in the serum. This quantity is very small under normal
conditions while in disease the relationship between the haemoglobin-
iron and the other blood-iron may, it seems, changes very distinctly.
Manganese has also been found in the blood, as well as traces of lithium
copper, lead, silver, and also arsenic in menstrual blood. The entire
blood contains in ordinary cases 770-820 p. m. water with 180-230
p. m. solids, among these 173-220 p. m. are organic and 6-10 p. m.,
inorganic. The organic consist, after substracting 6-12 p. m. extractives,
of protein and haemoglobin. The quantity of the latter in man is 130-
150 p. m. In the dog, cat, pig and horse the haemoglobin content is
about the same; in ox, bull, sheep, gcat and rabbit blood it is lower
(Abderhalden).
The Composition of the Blood in Different Vascular Regions and under
Different Conditions.
Arterial and Venous Blood. The most striking difference between
these two kinds of blood is the variation in color caused by their con-
taining different amounts of gas and different amounts of oxyhaemoglobin
and haemoglobin. The arterial blood is light red; the venous blood is
dark red, dichroic, greenish by transmitted light through thin layers.
The arterial coagulates more quickly than the venous blood. The latter,
on account of the transudation which takes place in the capillaries, was
formerly said to be somewhat poorer in water but richer in blood-cor-
puscles and haemoglobin than the arterial blood; but this is denied by
modern investigators. According to Krtjger 2
and his pupils the quan-
1
Pfliiger’s Arch., 90.
2
Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 26. This also gives the literature on the composition of
the blood in different vascular regions.
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