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CHAPTER VI.
CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
I. CHYLE AND LYMPH.
The lymph is at least in part the mediator in the exchange of con-
stituents between the blood and the tissues. The bodies necessary for
the nutrition of the tissues pass from the blood into the lymph, and the
tissues deliver water, salts, and products of metabolism to the lymph.
The lymph, therefore, originates partly from the blood and partly from
the tissues. From a purely theoretical standpoint one can, according
to Heidehain, differentiate between blood-lymph and tissue-lymph
according to origin. It is impossible at the present time to separate
completely that which comes from the one or the other source.
The lymph formed in the different organs and tissues has a different
composition, and as the lymph is not obtained directly but only from the
large lymph vessels, hence the lymph that we use for investiga-
tions is generally a mixture, whose composition may vary under certain
conditions. The most easily obtained and best studied is the lymph
from the thoracic duct. In starving individuals this lymph, which is
called starvation lymph, does not essentially differ from other lymphs.
After fatty food the lymph, which is called digestion lymph or chyle,
differs from other lymphs by its great richness in very finely divided fat,
which gives it a milky appearance, and which has led to the old name
" lacteal fluid."
Chemically the lymph is the same as plasma, and contains, at least
to a great extent, the same bodies. The observation of Asher and Bar-
bera, 1
that the lymph contains poisonous metabolic products, does
not contradict such an assumption, as no doubt these products are trans-
ferred to the blood with the lymph. Although the blood does not show
the same poisonous action as the lymph, still this can be explained by the
great dilution these bodies undergo in the blood, and the difference
between blood-plasma and lymph is no doubt of a quantitative nature.
This difference consists chiefly in that the lymph is poorer in proteins.
1
Zeitschr. f . Biologie 36.
345
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