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360 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
In the hydrocele fluid traces of urea and a reducing substance have been
found, and in a few cases also succinic acid and inosite. A hydrocele fluid may,
according to Devillard, 1
sometimes contain paralbumin or metalbumin (?).
Cases of chylous hydrocele are also known.
Cerebrospinal Fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid is thin, water-clear,
of low specific gravity, 1.007-1.008. The spina bifida fluid is very poor
in solids, 8-10 p. m. with only 0.19-1.6 p. m. protein. The fluid of
chronic hydrocephalus is somewhat richer in solids (13-19 p. m.) and
proteins. The amount of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid seems to be
rather variable under diseased conditions and Frenkel-Heiden 2
found
0.875-3 p. m. protein in the lumbar fluid in progressive paralysis and
0.7-2.8 p. m. protein in tuberculous meningitis. In the perfectly fresh
fluid from healthy calves Nawratzki found an average of 0.22 p. m.
protein.
According to Halliburton the protein of the cerebrospinal fluid
is a mixture of globulin and proteose; occasionally some peptone occurs,
and more rarely, in special cases, seralbumin appears. The conclusions
of Halliburton on the occurrence of proteose do not coincide with the
observations of other investigators (Panzer, Salkowski 3
) . In general
paralysis, Halliburton and Mott obtained a nucleoprotein in the
cerebrospinal fluid. Choline occurs in several diseases, as in general
paralysis, brain-tumors, tabes dorsalis, and epilepsy (Halliburton
and Mott, Donath, Rosenheim). According to Kaufmann 4 we
are not here dealing with choline but with another base. Glucose, or at
least a fermentable sugar, occurs habitually in the cerebrospinal fluid,
while the claims of Halliburton as to the occurrence of a substance
similar to pyrocatechin could not be substantiated in calves and men
by Nawratzki,5
and hence this substance does not exist in all cerebro-
spinal fluids. Urea occurs in cerebrospinal fluids, but not always. In
the cases investigated by Frenkel-Heiden indeed all the rest-nitrogen
occurred as urea and the urea-nitrogen varied in different pathological
cases between 0.196-1.12 p. m. Lactic Acid has been found by Lehnt-
dorff and Baumgarten 6 in many pathological cases. The quantity
of NaCl is regularly much greater than the KC1, 6-7 p. m. NaCl against
1
Bull. Soc. chim., 42, 617.
2
Bioch. Zeitschr., 2.
’Halliburton’s Text-book; Panzer, Wein. klin. Wochenschr., 1899; Salkowski,
Jaffe" Festschrift, 265.
* Halliburton and Mott, Phil. Transact. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, 191; Donath,
Zeitschr. f. physiol Chem., 39 and 42; see also Mansfield, ibid., 42; Rosenheim, Journ.
of Physiol., 35; Kaufmann, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 66.
6
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23. See also Rossi, ibid., 39 (literature).
"Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. Therap., 4 (literature).
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