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SPLEEN. 371
guanase and adenase (Levene, Schittenhelm, Jones and Partridge,
Jones and Winternitz), by the first of which the guanine is transformed
into xanthine, and by the latter the adenine into hypoxanthine. The
guanase also occurs in the spleen of the ox and horse, but not (Jones),
or only in small amounts (Schittenhelm), in the pig-spleen. 1
The
spleen also contains two enzymes, lienases, as shown by Hedin (and
Rowland), one of which, the a-lienase, acts chiefly in alkaline solution,
while the other, 0-lienase, is active only in acid reaction. These enzymes,
which without doubt stand in close relation to the leucocytes, not only
act autolytically upon the proteins of the spleen, but they also dissolve
fibrin and coagulated blood-serum. The spleen also contains nucleases
and besides, as Tanaka 2
has found for the pig-spleen, diastase, invertin,
lipase, urease, trypsin and an erepsin like enzyme.
Among the constituents of the spleen the deposit rich in iron, which
consists of ferruginous granules or conglomerate masses of them, and
which is derived from a transformation of the red blood-corpuscles, is of
special interest. It was closely studied by Nasse. This deposit does
not occur to the same extent in the spleen of all animals. It is found
especially abundant in the spleen of the horse. Nasse 3
on analyzing
the grains (from the spleen of a horse) obtained 840-630 p. m. organic
and 160-370 p. m. inorganic substances. These last consisted of 566-
726 p. m. Fe2 3 , 205-388 p. m. P2 5 , and 57 p. m. earths. The organic
substances consisted chiefly of proteins (660-800 p. m.), nuclein (52 p. m.
maximum), a yellow coloring-matter, extractive bodies, fat, cholesterin,
and lecithin.
In regard to the mineral constituents, it is to be observed that the
amount of iron in new-born and young animals is small (Lapicque,
Kruger, and Pernou), in adults more appreciable, and in old animals
sometimes very considerable. Nasse found nearly 50 p. m. iron in the
dried pulp of the spleen of an old horse. Guillemonat and Lapicque 4
have determined the iron in man. They find no regular increase with
growth, but in most cases 0.17-0.39 p. m. (after subtracting the blood-
iron) calculated on the fresh substance. A remarkably high amount of
iron is not dependent upon old age, but is a residue from chronic diseases.
Magnus-Levy found 0.72 p. m. iron in the fresh human spleen.
1
See Chapter XIV for the literature.
2
Hedin and Rowland, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 32, and Hedin, Journ. of Physiol.,
30, and Hammarsten’s Festschr., 1906; Tanaka, Bioch. Zeitschr, 37.
3
Maly’s Jahresber., 19, p. 315.
4
Lapicque, ibid., 20; Lapicque and Guillemonat, Cornpt, rend, de soc. biol., 48,
and Arch de Physiol. (5) 8; Kruger and Pernou, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 2"; Nasse, cited
from Hoppe-Seyler, Physiol. Chem., 720.
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