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374 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
In " strumacystica " Hoppe-Seyler found hardly any protein in the smaller
glandular vessels, but an excess of mucin, while in the larger he found a great
deal of proteinl
70-80 p. m. 1
Cholesterin is regularly found in such cysts, some-
times in such large quantities that the entire contents form a thick mass of cho-
lesterin plates. Crystals of calcium oxalate also occur frequently. The contents
of the struma cysts are sometimes of a brown color, due to decomposed coloring-
matter, methcemoglobin (and haematin?). Bile-coloring matters have also been
found in such cysts. (In regard to the paralbumins and colloids which have been
found in struma cysts and colloid degeneration, see Chapter XII.)
Those substances which bear a close relation to the functions of the
gland seem to be of special interest.
The complete extirpation, as also the pathological destruction, of the
thyroid gland causes great disturbances, ending finally in death. In
dogs, after the total extirpation, a disturbance of the nervous and muscular
systems occurs, such as trembling and convulsions, ^and death generally
supervenes shortly after, most often during such an attack. The researches
of Gley, Vassale and Generalt 2
upon various animals have shown
that for the success cf the operation it is of the greatest importance
whether the parathyroids, discovered by Sandstrov,3 are removed at
the same time or not. In herbivora (rabbits) because of the anatomical
relations, the parathyroids are seldom extirpated in the operation of
the removal of the thyroid, the tetany does not regularly occur and
the disturbance in metabolism is most striking. If these glands are
not extirpated in dogs, the tetany also does not appear, and the dis-
turbances in metabolism occur. In human beings, after the removal of
the gland by operation, different disturbances appear, such as nervous
symptoms, diminished intelligence, dryness of the skin, falling out of
the hair, and, on the whole, those symptoms which are included under
the name cachexia thyreopriva, death coming gradually. Among these
symptoms must be mentioned the peculiar slimy infiltration and exuber-
ance of the connective tissue called myxedema.
All these conditions indicate that the thyroids belong to those glands
with internal secretion, so called endocrinic glands. The most con-
vincing proof of this is the fact that the ordinary symptoms do not occur
if a small piece of the gland is allowed to remain in the body, or even
when a piece of the gland is transplanted in any part of the body. The
observations of Asher and Flack 4
that the irritation of the nerves of the
thyroid causes an internal secretion from the thyroid gland into the
blood, is of great interest in this connection. A further proof of practical
^Physiol. Chem., p. 721.
J
Gley, Compt. rend. soc. biol., 1891, and Arch, de Physiol (5), 4; Vassale and
Generali, Arch. Ital. d. Biol., 25 and 2fi.
•Upaala L&karef. Fdrh., 15 (1880).
* Asher and Flack, Zeitscbr. f. Biol., 55.
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